Discussions of core executive operations in Britain have focused on a limited controversy about whether monocratic control is exercised by the premier or whether more collegial decision making persists in Cabinet. An extended typology of institutionalist views is examined, including the prime ministerial clique interpretation, models of ministerial government, segmented decision making, and bureaucratic coordination. This restricted debate reflects normative anxieties about Britain's unbalanced constitution, partystructured legislature and an inadequate rational policy process inside the executive. New directions for core executive research are examined, including the analysis of decisional studies, more disaggregated and differentiated accounts of the core executive, coalition politics in the core executive, and the analysis of leadership influences.
DEFINING CORE EXECUTIVE STUDIESThe innermost centre of British central government consists of a complex web of institutions, networks and practices surrounding the PM, Cabinet, cabinet committees and their official counterparts, less formalized ministerial 'clubs' or meetings, bilateral negotiations, and interdepartmental committees. It also includes some major coordinating departments -chiefly, the Cabinet Office, the Treasury, the Foreign Office, the law officers, and the security and intelligence services. The old overarching term for (some of) these institutions and practices is 'cabinet govemment', but this usage has become inadequate and confusing in two key respects. First, according to many recent commentators the phrase mis-states the currently effective mechanisms for achieving coordination. At best it is contentious, and at worst seriously misleading to assert the primacy of the Cabinet in the amalgam of organizations and mechanisms set out above. Second, the label 'cabinet govemment' describes not just a particular pattern of coordination but also a normative ideal, a constitutional theory of how the very centre of the UK state should operate Uennings 1931). With these two established meanings 'cabinet government' cannot also describe a whole field of study, its controversies and debates.A number of attempts have been made to provide modernized conceptualizations