Environmental Occurrence of Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Novel Fluorotelomer Surfactants in the Freshwater Fish <i>Catostomus commersonii</i> and Sediments Following Firefighting Foam Deployment at the Lac-Mégantic Railway Accident

Munoz, Gabriel; Desrosiers, Mélanie; Duy, Sung Vo; Labadie, Pierre; Budzinski, Hélène; Liu, Jinxia; Sauvé, Sébastien

doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b05432

Cited by 101 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…There are numerous reports about PFAS-contaminated sites where re-ghting foams have been used (especially for training activities) or spilled. 61,63,103,104 Although PFAS-free class B re-ghting foams have been developed in the meantime, PFAScontaining re-ghting foams are still widely in use today. 65,105,106 For more information, see ESI-1 Section 2.14 † and the Appendix.…”

Section: Prioritisation Of Use Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the uses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

Glüge

Scheringer

Cousins

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

924

607

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Section: Prioritisation Of Use Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the uses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

Glüge

Scheringer

Cousins

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

924

607

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“…Generally, BCFs and BAFs (L/kg) of individual PFAAs in plankton, aquatic gillventilating invertebrates, and fish increase with increasing perfluoroalkyl chain length and hydrophobicity (Condor 2008), though exceptions have been identified (Munoz 2017;).…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding

Silva

Armitage

Bruton

et al. 2021

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

405

225

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We synthesize current understanding of the magnitudes and methods for assessing human and wildlife exposures to poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Most human exposure assessments have focused on 2 to 5 legacy PFAS, and wildlife assessments are typically limited to targeted PFAS (up to ~30 substances). However, shifts in chemical production are occurring rapidly, and targeted methods for detecting PFAS have not kept pace with these changes. Total fluorine measurements complemented by suspect screening using high‐resolution mass spectrometry are thus emerging as essential tools for PFAS exposure assessment. Such methods enable researchers to better understand contributions from precursor compounds that degrade into terminal perfluoroalkyl acids. Available data suggest that diet is the major human exposure pathway for some PFAS, but there is large variability across populations and PFAS compounds. Additional data on total fluorine in exposure media and the fraction of unidentified organofluorine are needed. Drinking water has been established as the major exposure source in contaminated communities. As water supplies are remediated, for the general population, exposures from dust, personal care products, indoor environments, and other sources may be more important. A major challenge for exposure assessments is the lack of statistically representative population surveys. For wildlife, bioaccumulation processes differ substantially between PFAS and neutral lipophilic organic compounds, prompting a reevaluation of traditional bioaccumulation metrics. There is evidence that both phospholipids and proteins are important for the tissue partitioning and accumulation of PFAS. New mechanistic models for PFAS bioaccumulation are being developed that will assist in wildlife risk evaluations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:631–657. © 2020 SETAC

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“…Long-chain PFAS, such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), have been voluntarily phased out of general use in the United States (U.S. EPA 2014), but these compounds are resistant to degradation and persist in the environment (Jian et al 2017). In sites of historical AFFF use, PFAS contamination has been detected in groundwater, waterways (Høisaeter et al 2019;Houtz et al 2018), and biota (Kannan et al 2005;Lanza et al 2017;Munoz et al 2017;Oakes et al 2010) even a decade after discontinued PFOS-based AFFF use (Filipovic et al 2015). According to the U.S. Department of Defense, 60.7% of tested groundwater wells near installations where these foams were used were above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Lifetime Health Advisory of combined 70 parts per trillion (ppt) for PFOS and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (Sullivan 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization of a Legacy Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Sample and Developmental Toxicity in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio )

Annunziato

Doherty

Lee

et al. 2020

Environ Health Perspect

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BACKGROUND: Drinking water contamination related to the use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) has been documented at hundreds of military bases, airports, and firefighter training facilities. AFFF has historically contained high levels of long-chain per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which pose serious health concerns. However, the composition and toxicity of legacy AFFF mixtures are unknown, presenting great uncertainties in risk assessment and affected communities. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the fluorinated and nonfluorinated chemical composition of a legacy AFFF sample and its toxicity in zebrafish embryos. METHODS: A sample of legacy AFFF (3% application formulation, manufactured before 2001) was provided by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to identify PFAS and nonfluorinated compounds, and a commercial laboratory measured 24 PFAS by a modified U.S. EPA Method 537.1. AFFF toxicity was assessed in zebrafish embryos in comparison with four major constituents: perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS); perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS); sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS); and sodium tetradecyl sulfate (TDS). End points included LC 50 values, and sublethal effects on growth, yolk utilization, and pancreas and liver development. RESULTS: We identified more than 100 PFAS. Of the PFAS detected, PFOS was measured at the highest concentration (9,410 mg=L) followed by PFHxS (1,500 mg=L). Fourteen nonfluorinated compounds were identified with dodecyl sulfate and tetradecyl sulfate the most abundant at 547.8 and 496:4 mg=L, respectively. An LC 50 of 7:41 × 10 −4 % AFFF was calculated, representing a dilution of the 3% formulation. TDS was the most toxic of the constituents tested but could not predict the AFFF phenotype in larval zebrafish. PFOS exposure recapitulated the reduction in length but could not predict effects on development of the liver, which was the tissue most sensitive to AFFF. DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, this research is the first characterization of the chemical composition and toxicity of legacy AFFF, which has important implications for regulatory toxicology.

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Environmental Occurrence of Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Novel Fluorotelomer Surfactants in the Freshwater Fish Catostomus commersonii and Sediments Following Firefighting Foam Deployment at the Lac-Mégantic Railway Accident

Cited by 101 publications

References 52 publications

An overview of the uses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

An overview of the uses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding

Chemical Characterization of a Legacy Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Sample and Developmental Toxicity in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio )

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