Environmental Management: A Re-Emerging Vector Control Strategy

Environmental sanitation and peri-domiciliar organisation as auxiliary practices for the control of phlebotomines in Paraná state, southern Brazil

“…This was basically due to the role DDT played in the control of malaria and thus indirectly reducing the incidence of leishmaniasis (Deane et al 1955, Herrer 1956, Alencar 1961, Sherlock & Almeida 1970, Sen Gupta 1975, Magalhães et al 1980, Le Pont & Desjeux 1985, Brazil et al 1992, Davies et al 1994, Gratz & Jany, 1994. At the same time, the prophylactic alternatives, aimed at the vectors control have been directed mainly against mosquitoes and triatomines (Le Pont & Desjeux, 1984, Service 1991, Ault 1994, Winch et al 1994. The results of this study showed that environmental organisation and sanitation methods contributed to reduce the phlebotomines population in the human dwelling environment.…”

Environmental Management for Malaria Control: Knowledge and Practices in Mvomero, Tanzania

“…Environmental conditions play an important role in the transmission of malaria, as macroenvironmental factors, such as climatic conditions (temperature and rainfall), microenvironmental factors, such as local topography, and human land use and management greatly influence vector abundance. Environmental management is an underutilized but promising technique for vector control, because it decreases the available breeding habitat for mosquitoes by removing or modifying stagnant or slow-moving water sources (Ault, 1994). It is estimated that 42% of the malaria burden in Sub-Saharan Africa could be prevented through environmental management (Pruss-Ustun and Corvalan, 2006).…”

“…Multiple studies have shown that the reduction of mosquito-breeding habitat through environmental management has significantly decreased mosquito abundance in surrounding areas (Ault, 1994;Okech et al, 2008;Yasuoka et al, 2006a;Yohannes et al, 2005). Additionally, in Nepal, community-based environmental management consisting of clearing vegetation in ponds, draining and filling areas that collect water, and repairing irrigation canals resulted in a reduction in malaria cases by 35% in the intervention villages in 1983 versus the baseline year (1982) (Ault, 1994).…”

“…Additionally, in Nepal, community-based environmental management consisting of clearing vegetation in ponds, draining and filling areas that collect water, and repairing irrigation canals resulted in a reduction in malaria cases by 35% in the intervention villages in 1983 versus the baseline year (1982) (Ault, 1994). This form of malaria control is relatively inexpensive, simple for local communities to implement and maintain, and not harmful to humans or the local environment (Keiser et al, 2005).…”

Zooprophylaxis: A Strategy for Effective Delivery of Endectocides for Vector Control

“…associated disease that requires a competent reservoir to sustain transmission is most stable when the vector only bites the reservoir. Zooprophylaxis has been referred to as the best environmental tool for vector-borne diseases management and control [20]. A new anti-helminths based approach for vector control can be incorporated in zooprophylaxis.…”