Environmental Impacts of Smallholder Ethanol Production from Cassava Feedstock for the Replacement of Kerosene Household Cooking Fuel in Nigeria

Ohimain, Elijah I.

doi:10.1080/15567036.2010.529565

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Cassava is typically used as food in the form of gari, lafun and fufu, livestock feeds, confectionaries, sweeteners production Adebayo-Oyetoro et al, 15 additives to several pasteries such as bread cookies, biscuits and rolls, doughnut, cakes, flakes etc especially in private house hold level Emurotu et al 1 Beside food, cassava have also found application in several sector including glues, textiles, pharmaceuticals Adebayo-Oyetoro et al 15 and bioethanol production Ukwuru & Egbonu et al 14 Cassava is a tuber crop that is propagated by stem. [16][17][18][19] According to Izah & Aigberua,20 cassava matures between 6-12 months of planting depending on the variety. The authors further reported that the utilization rate of cassava vary according to the income size and source of income of the farmer especially in the rural area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria

Izah¹

2018

MOJT

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Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com MOJ AbstractGari (cassava flake) is a major staple food in Nigeria. It's also a major source of energy food to several families. This study evaluated the health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria. Triplicate gari sample were obtained from four different markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria. The samples were ashed, digested and analyzed using atomic adsorption spectrophotometer. Health risk assessment was carried out using target hazard quotient, health risk index and daily intake index. Result revealed that the heavy metals concentration ranged from 1.32-3.81 mg/kg (manganese), 2.21-5.66 mg/kg (zinc), 1.00-3.72 mg/kg (copper) and 11.16-38.75 mg/kg (iron). There was significant difference (P<0.05) in each of the heavy metals among the various locations. The target hazard quotient and health risk index values were <1. This indicates no potential health risk of the studied heavy metals in the gari among the population under study.Citation: Kigigha LT, Nyenke P, Izah SC. Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria. MOJ Toxicol. 2018;4(2):47-52.Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria 48Citation: Kigigha LT, Nyenke P, Izah SC. Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria. MOJ Toxicol. 2018;4(2):47-52.Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria Citation: Kigigha LT, Nyenke P, Izah SC. Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria. MOJ Toxicol. 2018;4(2):47-52.Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria

Izah¹

2018

MOJT

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“…Cassava is one of the major staple foods consumed globally. Presently, Nigeria is the largest producer of cassava in the world [ 1 , 2 ], accounting for about 54 million metric tonnes, as of the end of the 2014 economic year [ 3 ]. Cassava processing is a major agricultural business in Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Treatment of Some Physico-Chemical Properties of Cassava Mill Effluents Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Izah

Bassey

Ohimain

2017

Toxics

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Cassava is majorly processed into gari by smallholders in Southern Nigeria. During processing, large volume of effluents are produced in the pressing stage of cassava tuber processing. The cassava mill effluents are discharged into the soil directly and it drain into nearby pits, surface water, and canals without treatment. Cassava mill effluents is known to alter the receiving soil and water characteristics and affects the biota in such environments, such as fishes (water), domestic animals, and vegetation (soil). This study investigated the potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to be used for the treatment of some physicochemical properties of cassava mill effluents. S. cerevisiae was isolated from palm wine and identified based on conventional microbiological techniques, viz. morphological, cultural, and physiological/biochemical characteristics. The S. cerevisiae was inoculated into sterile cassava mill effluents and incubated for 15 days. Triplicate samples were withdrawn from the setup after the fifth day of treatment. Portable equipment was used to analyze the in-situ parameters, viz. total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, salinity, and turbidity. Anions (nitrate, sulphate, and phosphate) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analyzed using spectrophotometric and open reflux methods respectively. Results showed a decline of 37.62%, 22.96%, 29.63%, 20.49%, 21.44%, 1.70%, 53.48%, 68.00%, 100%, and 74.48% in pH, conductivity, DO, TDS, salinity, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, and COD levels respectively, and elevation of 17.17% by turbidity. The study showed that S. cerevisiae could be used for the treatment of cassava mill effluents prior to being discharged into the environment so as to reduce the pollution or contamination and toxicity levels.

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“…Unlike sugar and starch-based crops, the relative abundance of cellulosic feedstock suggests that large-scale production of cellulosic ethanol has great potential to replace a major portion of imported fuel [22,35]. However, large-scale ethanol production may have limited benefits [29,36], hence a large number of small-scale ethanol production facilities is more desirable. Besides, large-scale ethanol refineries will require massive capital investments and long lead times and items [2].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notwithstanding this, ogogoro have been variously reported to have alcohol content of 37.6% [21], > 40% [20], 30-60% [27,28]. This high concentration of ethanol produced via rudimentary equipment [29] suggests the possibility of scaling up the traditional beverage ethanol produced from raffia palm as a possible source of fuel ethanol. Besides, raffia palm has been described as hapazanthic i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Fermentation and Distillation of Raffia Palm Sap for the Production of Bioethanol in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Ohimain¹

2013

J. Technol. Innov. Renew. Energy

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The production of alcoholic beverages from the sap of raffia palm, Raphia hookeri, has continued for decades in West Africa, but the detailed processes had never been documented before. The objective of this study is to document the traditional process of ethanol production, with the aim of scaling up the process for the production of fuel ethanol. Ten smallholder ethanol production facilities were randomly selected, and triplicate samples of the process intermediates were collected and analysed, including fermented palm sap, first and second distillate, first and second stillage. Results show that the percentage of ethanol was significantly different (P<0.05) among the different intermediates. The highest ethanol presence was recorded in the second distillate (39-61.5%), followed by the first distillate (18.83-39%), then the first stillage (5.80-10.20%), the palm sap (10.50-15.30%) and finally the second stillage (3.40-5.80%).Yeast population, pH, sugar, specific gravity and electrical conductivity differed significantly among the various sites and intermediates. Wood (105-155kg) was used as fuel to boil 280-480L of fermented palm sap producing 20L of 39-61.5% ethanol. The smallholder processors are however challenged by the poor distillation apparatus and the lack of ethanol dehydration facilities. The study concludes by recommending the modification of the Nigerian Biofuel Policy (2007) to allow the use of hydrous ethanol in automobiles and low concentration ethanol for household cooking.

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Environmental Impacts of Smallholder Ethanol Production from Cassava Feedstock for the Replacement of Kerosene Household Cooking Fuel in Nigeria

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria

Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria

Changes in the Treatment of Some Physico-Chemical Properties of Cassava Mill Effluents Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Traditional Fermentation and Distillation of Raffia Palm Sap for the Production of Bioethanol in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

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