Environmental Impacts from Pesticide Use: A Case Study of Soil Fumigation in Florida Tomato Production

Abstract

The search for alternative fumigants has been ongoing since the 1992 Parties of the Montreal Protocol classified methyl bromide as a Class I controlled substance with an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0.7 and destined it for phase-out. This paper focuses on the hazards from fumigants proposed as alternatives for pre-plant soil fumigation in tomato production. We use the Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) developed by Kovach et al. to estimate the hazards from methyl bromide and the proposed alternative fumigants to workers, consumers, beneficial arthropods, birds, fish, and bees. Our findings indicate that iodomethane 98/2 has the lowest EIQ index value and field use rating, and is the alternative with the lowest relative risk. Among environmental categories, workers and beneficial arthropods experience the highest relative risks from the proposed tomato fumigants, and fish and consumers the least risks.

A residue-free green synergistic antifungal nanotechnology for pesticide thiram by ZnO nanoparticles

“…However, doing that without negative influence on environment23 and public health456 is still a great challenge7. Luckily, the rapid development of nanotechnology provides the alternative strategies to achieve such goals.…”

Potensi Bacillus thuringiensis dari Tanah Perkebunan Batu Malang sebagai Bioinsektisida terhadap Larva Spodoptera litura F.

“…Aplikasi insektisida dapat menyerang spesies yang bukan sasaran. Perbedaan komposisi kimia dan teknik aplikasi insektisida yang satu dengan yang lainnya membawa efek yang berbeda pula pada populasi yang bukan sasarannya, termasuk para pekerja, konsumen, burung, lebah maupun serangga yang menguntungkan [3], alternatifnya dapat dikembangkan insektisida yang ramah lingkungan berupa bioinsektisida. Salah satu sumber bioinsektisida ialah mikroorganisme tanah seperti Bacillus thuringiensis.…”

Bursa İli Tarımsal Pestisit Kullanımının Değerlendirilmesi

“…Çoğunluğu sadece hedef organizmayı değil ekosisteme zararsız veya yararlı olan organizmaları etkilemektedir [9]. Genel olarak, pestisitlerin sadece % 0,1'inin hedef organizmalara ulaştığı ve kalan konsantrasyonların suda ve toprakta yaşayan organizmaların besin zincirine girdiği tahmin edilmektedir [6,10]. Bu nedenle çevreyi kirleterek insanlarda ve diğer canlılarda akut ve kronik hastalıklara neden olmaktadırlar [11,12].…”