Environmental fate of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in surface waters and soil of agricultural basins

Re-registration Challenges of Glyphosate in the European Union

“…Glyphosate residue contamination has been demonstrated to correlate with sources of agricultural applications (Payne, 1992;Coupe et al, 2012) corresponding to GM crop cultivation (Barceló and Hennion, 1997;Skark et al, 1998;Australian Academy of Technological Sciences, and Engineering, 2002;Ramwell et al, 2002;Peruzzo et al, 2008;Aparicio et al, 2013;Davis et al, 2013;Mardiana-Jansar and Ismail, 2014;Lupi et al, 2015;Ronco et al, 2016;Caprile et al, 2017;, post-harvest chemical desiccation (Shipitalo and Owens, 2011;Soracco et al, 2018) or other technologies in intensive agriculture e.g., biomass production of industrial crops (Mardiana-Jansar and Ismail, 2014). Moreover, non-agricultural or urban uses of FIGURE 4 | Maximal residue levels (µg/l) of glyphosate (black) and AMPA (gray in parentheses) in surface and ground water reported worldwide.…”

“…Thus, glyphosate and AMPA were detected at concentrations 4-17 and 4-9 times greater than the sources of emission, respectively from agricultural soil and emitted respirable dust, 12 months after glyphosate application, in a central semiarid region of Argentina, indicating that these compounds are accumulated in the respirable dust and can potentially be a source of air contamination (Mendez et al, 2017). Moreover, glyphosate residues have often been detected in soil and sediments (Peruzzo et al, 2008;Aparicio et al, 2013;Battaglin et al, 2014;MardianaJansar and Ismail, 2014), and it has been shown by numerous studies that glyphosate reaches surface waters via dispersed small soil particles or colloids (Struger et al, 2008;Slomberg et al, 2017). A recent study provides a Europe-wide assessment of the dispersal of glyphosate and AMPA in EU agricultural topsoils, being present in 45% of the topsoils collected, originating from 11 countries and six crop systems, with a maximum concentration of 2 mg/kg, as well as their potential spreading by wind and water erosion , further affected by small-scale sediment transport in water erosion (Bento et al, 2018), persisting under low bacterial activity in limited aerobic conditions or non-neutral pH (la Cecilia and Maggi, 2018), and adversely affecting soil microbial and nematodal diversity (Dennis et al, 2018).…”

Distribution of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in agricultural topsoils of the European Union

“…Although GlyBH use is almost limited to terrestrial application, information regarding occurrence and cumulative and/or background levels of glyphosate residues in soils have received less attention, especially at the European scale. In fact, despite some recent studies on the distribution of glyphosate and AMPA in soils from Argentina (e.g., Aparicio et al, 2013;Lupi et al, 2015;Primost et al, 2017), U.S.A. (e.g., Battaglin et al, 2014;Scribner et al, 2007) or Australia (e.g., Todorovic et al, 2013), in Europe, where the approval for GlyBH use will be decided by the end of 2017, information on occurrence and levels of these substances in soil is still very limited and out of date (Grunewald et al, 2001;Laitinen et al, 2006Laitinen et al, , 2007Laitinen et al, , 2009.…”

A simple and rapid analytical methodology based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for monitoring pesticide residues in soils from Argentina

“…Originally developed for fruits and vegetables, QuEChERS is being applied to many other matrices, including soil samples [15][16][17] . The original procedure consisted on extraction with acetonitrile, separation of water by addition of anhydrous MgSO 4 and NaCl, and subsequent cleanup using dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) 14 . Some modifications have been included in the QuEChERS procedure due to the possible negative influence on the recovery arising from the retention properties of the soil matrix.…”

“…In addition, 78.5% of agricultural lands are direct seeding 4 , where the only way of controlling weeds, during cultivation and fallow periods, is by using agrochemicals.…”