Environmental Factors That Affect Presymbiotic Hyphal Growth and Branching of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Nagahashi, Gerald; Douds, David D.

doi:10.1007/3-540-27331-x_6

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…*Different letters above bars indicate significant differences (Tukey, α=0.05) among treatments of abiotic stress 2008). The phenolic compounds such as flavonoids are important plant secondary metabolites whose chemical structure has several OH-radicals and excellent properties such as iron quelators that confer their antioxidant activity (Woo et al 2005;Nagahashi and Douds 2005;Hanen et al 2008). The content of phenolic compounds are also influenced by abiotic stressful conditions that limit plant growth (Rivero et al 2001;Juszczuk et al 2004;Chung et al 2006;Yuan et al 2010), which agrees with the stimulation on the TCPC obtained by the application of 7.5 mM KHCO 3 in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…For instance, the initial establishment of AMF species on the root systems is a process mediated by the release of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids (Woo et al 2005;Nagahashi and Douds 2005). Moreover, the mycorrhizal colonization is reported as a modifier of plant defense mechanisms like the synthesis of phytoalexins that counteract the damage caused by plant pathogens (Guenoune et al 2001;Ozgonen and Erkilic 2007;Pozo and Azcón-Aguilar 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and potassium bicarbonate enhance the foliar content of the vinblastine alkaloid in Catharanthus roseus

et al. 2011

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Vinca (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.)is an important medicinal plant species from which antineoplastic alkaloids such as vinblastine are extracted. However, neither abiotic stress nor inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has been evaluated on the accumulation of vinca alkaloids under controlled conditions. This study evaluated the effects of AMF and/or abiotic stress induced by the application of potassium bicarbonate (KHCO 3 ) and/or sodium chloride (NaCl) on plant growth, and on total content of phenolic compounds (TCPC), total antioxidant activity (TAOX), and total content of vinblastine alkaloid in leaves of vinca. TCPC, TAOX, and vinblastine were measured via spectrophotometric methods. After 75 days under greenhouse conditions, either the AMF inoculation without abiotic stress or the application of KHCO 3 (2.5 and 7.5 mM) resulted in significantly (P≤0.001) enhanced plant growth, TCPC, TAOX, and total content of vinblastine. The application of NaCl significantly diminished plant growth, but did not stimulate the content of vinblastine. The combined application of NaCl and KHCO 3 significantly decreased AMF-colonization in roots. The sole inoculation of AMF or the single application of 7.5 mM KHCO 3 induced the accumulation of vinblastine in leaves of vinca.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and potassium bicarbonate enhance the foliar content of the vinblastine alkaloid in Catharanthus roseus

et al. 2011

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“…There are a number of reports on root exudates and AMF (see recent reviews by Jones et al 2004;Nagahashi and Douds 2005;Vierheilig and Bago 2005), and more and more data are accumulated that exudates of mycorrhizal plants affect bacteria (Sood 2003), fungi (Norman and Hooker 2000;Lioussanne et al 2003;Scheffknecht et al 2006Scheffknecht et al , 2007 and nematodes (Ryan and Jones 2004) differently then exudates from nonmycorrhizal plants.…”

Section: Biochemical and Molecular Changes In Mycorrhizal Plants Thatmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Biocontrol Effect of Mycorrhization on Soilborne Fungal Pathogens and the Autoregulation of the AM Symbiosis: One Mechanism, Two Effects?

et al. 2008

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“…09-719C) AMF, Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, grown on a root-organ culture of Daucus carota L. Some precedent has been set for the use of root-organ cultures in measuring the effects of stressors on AMF including light quality and quantity as well as differing CO 2 concentrations (Nagahashi and Douds, 2005). The effect of naturally occurring chemicals, such root exudates and flavanoids, have also been documented (Bécard et al, 2004;Nagahashi and Douds, 2005). The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicological potential of a suite of pharmaceuticals regularly found in biosolids and manure, on plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant-mycorrhizal interactions using a root-organ culture system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural responses of Daucus carota root-organ cultures and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, to 12 pharmaceuticals

et al. 2008

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a b s t r a c tPharmaceuticals and personal care products may enter the terrestrial environment through the amendment of agricultural soils with manure or biosolids with potential impacts on beneficial soil microbe populations. The beneficial symbiotic relationship between most plant species and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is a primary determinant of plant health and soil fertility. As such, there is increasing recognition of the need to study the impacts of anthropogenic stressors on plant-microbe interactions in soil ecotoxicology studies and risk assessment. A case study exploring the use of root-organ cultures to evaluate the effects of 12 common veterinary and human-use pharmaceuticals on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices grown on Daucus carota root-organ cultures is presented. The bioassays were conducted over a 28-day exposure period at concentrations up to 1000 lg l À1 . Root length and the fungal endpoints of hyphal growth and spore production were evaluated weekly during the study. Sulfamethoxazole and atorvastatin were the most phytotoxic compounds with EC 50 values of 45 lg l À1 and 65 lg l À1 , respectively. Three compounds exhibited selective mycotoxicity, whereby the fungal symbiont was adversely affected at concentrations significantly less than that calculated for root length. The EC 50 for G. intraradices hyphal length was 45 lg l À1 for doxycycline, while carbamazepine and 17-a-ethynyl estradiol targeted spore production with EC 50 values of 113 and 116 lg l À1 , respectively. The assay results indicate that the root lengths responded quickly to the presence of phytotoxic pharmaceuticals in the culture medium. Hyphal length is a sensitive endpoint after 21 days exposure, while spore production requires 28 days exposure before significant differences could be detected. Root-organ cultures provide an effective means to evaluate chemical stressors on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and can be used to screen for root-based phytotoxicity.

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Environmental Factors That Affect Presymbiotic Hyphal Growth and Branching of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and potassium bicarbonate enhance the foliar content of the vinblastine alkaloid in Catharanthus roseus

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and potassium bicarbonate enhance the foliar content of the vinblastine alkaloid in Catharanthus roseus

The Biocontrol Effect of Mycorrhization on Soilborne Fungal Pathogens and the Autoregulation of the AM Symbiosis: One Mechanism, Two Effects?

Structural responses of Daucus carota root-organ cultures and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, to 12 pharmaceuticals

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