Environmental Factors Influencing the Prevalence of a Clostridium botulinum Type C/D Mosaic Strain in Nonpermanent Mediterranean Wetlands

Vidal, Dolors; Anza, Ibone; Taggart, Mark A.; Pérez‐Ramírez, Elisa; Crespo, Elena; Höfle, Úrsula; Mateo, Rafael

doi:10.1128/aem.01191-13

Cited by 38 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…In addition, these eutrophic wetlands have high phytoplankton and zooplankton productivity from spring to autumn that attracts a great amount of water birds, which increases spatial aggregation and the risk of epidemics (16,31). The result of this has been a higher frequency of botulism outbreaks in Navaseca (4 summer outbreaks in the last 5 years) and Veguilla (5 recorded outbreaks since 1978) than in TDNP (only 1 large outbreak in 1999 and another smaller outbreak in an exhibition pond in 2007) (11,32). Wastewater discharges in wetlands modify their hydroperiod, soil pH and Eh, nutrient load, and plant communities (33)(34)(35)(36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…and white storks [Ciconia ciconia]) usually feed. This is a region of endemicity for botulism, and in the last 20 years, outbreaks have occurred in the three studied wetlands, with the outbreaks being more frequent in Veguilla and Navaseca lakes (11).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High water temperatures and increases in the invertebrate biomass, which frequently occur in wastewater ponds, may attract water birds for feeding and provide optimal conditions for the occurrence of botulism outbreaks, although there is still not enough evidence to support this hypothesis (16). Other factors such as pH between 7.5 and 9, low redox potential (Eh), decreasing turbidity, and low salinity also contribute to botulism risk in wetlands (11,16,17). Avian mortalities due to any cause have the potential to be a major initiating factor of botulism outbreaks because they provide carcasses for the initial multiplication and toxinogenesis of C. botulinum (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Later on, enterocolitic bacteria, mainly Salmonella, were isolated from up to 58% of sick or dead water birds collected during the summer in a Mediterranean wetland (10). Strikingly, avian botulism outbreaks in the Mancha Húmeda frequently occur in lakes supplied with effluents from wastewater treatment plants (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Eutrophication and Bacterial Pathogens as Risk Factors for Avian Botulism Outbreaks in Wetlands Receiving Effluents from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants

Anza

Vidal

Laguna³

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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b; Regional Centre for Water Studies (CREA), UCLM, Ciudad Real, Spain c Due to the scarcity of water resources in the "Mancha Húmeda" Biosphere Reserve, the use of treated wastewater has been proposed as a solution for the conservation of natural threatened floodplain wetlands. In addition, wastewater treatment plants of many villages pour their effluent into nearby natural lakes. We hypothesized that certain avian pathogens present in wastewater may cause avian mortalities which would trigger avian botulism outbreaks. With the aim of testing our hypothesis, 24 locations distributed in three wetlands, two that receive wastewater effluents and one serving as a control, were monitored during a year. Sediment, water, water bird feces, and invertebrates were collected for the detection of putative avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens type A, and Clostridium botulinum type C/D. Also, water and sediment physicochemical properties were determined. Overall, APEC, C. perfringens, and C. botulinum were significantly more prevalent in samples belonging to the wetlands which receive wastewater. The occurrence of a botulism outbreak in one of the studied wetlands coincided with high water temperatures and sediment 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), a decrease in water redox potential, chlorophyll a, and sulfate levels, and an increase in water inorganic carbon levels. The presence of C. botulinum in bird feces before the onset of the outbreak indicates that carrier birds exist and highlights the risk of botulinum toxin production in their carcasses if they die by other causes such as bacterial diseases, which are more probable in wastewater wetlands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Eutrophication and Bacterial Pathogens as Risk Factors for Avian Botulism Outbreaks in Wetlands Receiving Effluents from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants

Anza

Vidal

Laguna³

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Their hydroperiods fluctuate, though these lakes are mostly temporary as a result of the mixed Mediterranean-Continental semiarid climate patterns [28], which can be illustrated by the flooding pattern of Lake Alcahozo over a specific time horizon (Figure 2). Climate in this area shows a pronounced dry season with average annual rainfall of 400-500 mm [29]. Sediments of the studied area are of continental nature; the terrain is flat; and the dominant lithology is limestone [2].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Hydrological Patterns of Temporary Lakes Using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Models: Case Study of La Mancha Húmeda Biosphere Reserve in Central Spain

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The Biosphere Reserve of La Mancha Húmeda is a wetland-rich area located in central Spain. This reserve comprises a set of temporary lakes, often saline, where water level fluctuates seasonally. Water inflows come mainly from direct precipitation and runoff of small lake watersheds. Most of these lakes lack surface outlets and behave as endorheic systems, where water withdrawal is mainly due to evaporation, causing salt accumulation in the lake beds. Remote sensing was used to estimate the temporal variation of the flooded area in these lakes and their associated hydrological patterns related to the seasonality of precipitation and evapotranspiration. Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite images for the reference period 2013-2015 were jointly used with ground-truth datasets. Several inverse modeling methods, such as two-band and multispectral indices, single-band threshold, classification methods, artificial neural network, support vector machine and genetic programming, were applied to retrieve information on the variation of the flooded areas. Results were compared to ground-truth data, and the classification errors were evaluated by means of the kappa coefficient. Comparative analyses demonstrated that the genetic programming approach yielded the best results, with a kappa value of 0.98 and a total error of omission-commission of 2%. The dependence of the variations in the water-covered area on precipitation and evaporation was also investigated. The results show the potential of the tested techniques to monitor the hydrological patterns of temporary lakes in semiarid areas, which might be useful for management strategy-linked lake conservation and specifically to accomplish the goals of both the European Water Framework Directive and the Habitats Directive.

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Botulism

Maréchal¹,

Woudstra²,

Fach³

2016

Clostridial Diseases of Animals

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Environmental Factors Influencing the Prevalence of a Clostridium botulinum Type C/D Mosaic Strain in Nonpermanent Mediterranean Wetlands

Cited by 38 publications

References 42 publications

Eutrophication and Bacterial Pathogens as Risk Factors for Avian Botulism Outbreaks in Wetlands Receiving Effluents from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants

Eutrophication and Bacterial Pathogens as Risk Factors for Avian Botulism Outbreaks in Wetlands Receiving Effluents from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants

Monitoring Hydrological Patterns of Temporary Lakes Using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Models: Case Study of La Mancha Húmeda Biosphere Reserve in Central Spain

Botulism

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