Environmental Factors Affecting Survival of Ascospores of<i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>

Caesar, A. J.; Pearson, R. C.

doi:10.1094/phyto-73-1024

Cited by 71 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Sclerotinia stem rot caused by the polyphagous plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most serious fungal diseases (together with its related genera like S. minor and S. homeocarpa) affecting most field crops such as oilseed rape, sunflower, mustard, soya, and other legumes and various vegetable crops (Spitzer et al 2012). Nowadays, when oilseed rape is the third most commonly planted crop (ČSÚ 2016) and the legume proportion (Caesar & Pearson 1983), this fungal disease causes economic losses of about 10-20% annually (Kazda & Škeřík 2008). The last year with significantly higher damage was in 2008, when 30-40% of infected oilseed rape plants were affected by primary infection from the soil (Šaroun & Říha 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of plant sap-sucking insects using entomopathogenic fungi Isaria fumosorosea strain (Ifu13a)

Ali¹,

Cao²,

Wang³

et al. 2018

Plant Prot. Sci.

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Poslušná J. Plachká E., Mazáková J. (2018): Influence of selected fungicides registered in the Czech Republic for winter oilseed rape on in vitro Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial growth. Plant Protect. Sci., 54: 101-110.The baseline sensitivity of 55 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, collected from oilseed rape in 6 regions of the Czech Republic, to selected fungicides was determined during the period 2013-2015. One single-component fungicide -Horizon (tebuconazole), and four multicomponent fungicides -Pictor (boscalid, dimoxystrobin), Efilor (boscalid, metconazole), Prosaro 250 EC (prothioconazole, tebuconazole), and Propulse (fluopyram, prothioconazole), were chosen as these are commonly used locally. The effect of each fungicide on the in vitro pathogen radial mycelial growth and EC 50 values for the respective fungicides were determined. The following MIC values were estimated; for the fungicides Horizon 250 EW, Efilor, and Propulse the mean MIC values ranged between 0.125 and 0.250 µl/ml, for Prosaro 250 EC ranged between 0.0625 and 0.125 µl/ml, and for Pictor ranged from 0.00781 to 0.01562 µl/ml. No strains of S. sclerotiorum resistant to the tested fungicides were detected and the growth of all isolates was fully inhibited at concentrations corresponding to their registered dose rates. The highest fungicidal efficacy on the collected S. sclerotiorum isolates was recorded for Pictor, followed by Prosaro 250 with an EC 50 value 0.05856 µl/ml and then the remaining fungicides Propulse, Efilor, and Horizon 250 EW (EC 50 values 0.07277, 0.07221, and 0.08519 µl/ml, respectively).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of plant sap-sucking insects using entomopathogenic fungi Isaria fumosorosea strain (Ifu13a)

Ali¹,

Cao²,

Wang³

et al. 2018

Plant Prot. Sci.

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“…Caesar & Pearson (1983) found that when the UV component was removed using a Polyester-type filter, the germination of ascospores of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was increased significantly. Rotem et al (1985) used filters to remove both UV-A and UV-B and demonstrated that UV radiation was the main factor causing mortality of spores of Uromyces phaseoli and Alternaria solani.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

**The effects of ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B: 290–320 nm) radiation on blister blight disease of tea (Camellia sinensis)**

1997

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Sunlight is known to reduce the incidence of blister blight disease of tea, caused by Exobasidium vexans. The effects of the ultraviolet-B (UV-B: 290-320 nm) component of solar radiation on the disease and the development of E. vexans were studied in the field in Sri Lanka using UV-screening filter materials held over a commercial crop. Exclusion of UV-B radiation by Polyester, which reduces fluxes in the UV-B region by approximately 75-85%, increased both the number of translucent spots (immature sites of infection) and number of sporulating blisters (mature sites of infection), but it had little or no effect on the sporulation of the pathogen. When basidiospores were artificially inoculated on leaves, and were exposed to full or filtered solar radiation, their survival and germination increased when UV-B wavelengths were removed; significant differences were found 62 h after inoculation. However, UV-B did not affect the extension of germ tubes. This study indicates that the UV-B component of solar radiation plays an important role in the natural regulation of blister blight disease in the field.

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“…Factors affecting carpogenic germination of S. sclerotiorum have been described in many papers (Schwartz and Steadman 1978;Caesar and Pearson 1983;Dillard et al 1995;Sun and Yang 2000;Matheron and Porchas 2005;. The most important are moisture and temperature.…”

Section: Pathogen Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control of the soil-borne fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum –– a review

2018

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Diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary are difficult to control and cause increasing losses of horticultural crops worldwide. Reasons of this phenomenon are various: (i) the specialization of crop production that causes the accumulation of the pathogen in the soil; (ii) the lack of a safe and efficient method of soil fumigation; (iii) the specific life cycle of S. sclerotiorum with survival structures (sclerotia), resistant to chemical and biological degradation. Sclerotinia diseases depend on many environmental factors which determine sclerotia survival and ascospores dissemination, because plants are mainly infected by air-borne ascospores from carpogenic germination of sclerotia. Due to the lack of effective synthetic agents for eradication of S. sclerortiorum from soil considerable interest has been focused on biological control, especially the selection of microorganisms with mycoparasitic activity towards S. sclerotiorum sclerotia, that can decrease their number in the soil. In this work we review reports on the use of different antagonistic fungi and bacteria in the control of S. sclerotiorum and discuss the suppressive effect of organic amendments against this soil-borne pathogen.

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Environmental Factors Affecting Survival of Ascospores ofSclerotinia sclerotiorum

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

Control of plant sap-sucking insects using entomopathogenic fungi Isaria fumosorosea strain (Ifu13a)

Control of plant sap-sucking insects using entomopathogenic fungi Isaria fumosorosea strain (Ifu13a)

**The effects of ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B: 290–320 nm) radiation on blister blight disease of tea (Camellia sinensis)**

Biological control of the soil-borne fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum –– a review

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