“…A different approach has been developed using animal models of depression, which mimic both the etiology of depression and the human-like depression symptoms ( McKinney and Bunney, 1969 ). Indeed, depression-like symptoms resembling that seen in the human response to chronic stress can be induced in rats and mice following chronic isolation, pain, learned helplessness, social defeat, minor stressors, maternal deprivation, striatal intracerebral hemorrhage, forced swimming, restraint, olfactory bulb removal, and tail suspension ( Kelly et al, 1997 ; Veena et al, 2009 ; Richter et al, 2013 ; Gong et al, 2018 ; Seong et al, 2018 ; Hao et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Sparling et al, 2020 ; Borba et al, 2021 ; Cordner et al, 2021 ; Ramírez-Rodríguez et al, 2021 ; Réus et al, 2021 ; Taheri Zadeh et al, 2021 ; Kimura et al, 2022 ). Moreover, the therapies used to treat humans with depression are also effective in reversing induced depression in lab animals, including antidepressants, electroconvulsive seizure therapy, and deep brain stimulation ( Jeannotte et al, 2009 ; Falowski et al, 2011 ; Tizabi et al, 2012 ; Belujon and Grace, 2014 ; Song and Kim, 2021 ).…”