Environmental effects from five historical earthquakes in southern Apennines (Italy) and macroseismic intensity assessment: Contribution to INQUA EEE Scale Project

Serva, Leonello; Esposito, E.; Guerrieri, Luca; Porfido, Sabina; Vittori, E.; Comerci, Valerio

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2007.03.015

Cited by 60 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, new studies that have retrieved information about some historical earthquakes, published after the first release of the catalogue, made it necessary to revise the related data. Reference was made particularly to papers referring to specific earthquakes, such as those by and Serva et al (2007) that detail the ground effects that occurred in some earthquakes in historical (Sannio 1805) and recent times (Irpinia 1930 and; studies referring to specific ground phenomena, such as the catalogue of liquefaction by Galli (2000); and studies referring to specific localities where earthquakes have produced some outstanding effect (Prestininzi, 1995;Mancini et al, 2001;Bozzano et al, 2004Bozzano et al, , 2008Bozzano et al, , 2011. The CEDIT database reports approximately 2000 localities where ground failures were triggered by 166 earthquakes that occurred in the last millennium in Italy for which information about the occurrence of ground effects can be retrieved from historical documents.…”

Section: Database Content and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy from a reviewed database

Martino

Prestininzi

Romeo

2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract.A database (Italian acronym CEDIT) of earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy is presented, and the related content is analysed. The catalogue collects data regarding landslides, liquefaction, ground cracks, surface faulting and ground changes triggered by earthquakes of Mercalli epicentral intensity 8 or greater that occurred in the last millennium in Italy. As of January 2013, the CEDIT database has been available online for public use (http://www.ceri.uniroma1.it/cn/gis.jsp) and is presently hosted by the website of the Research Centre for Geological Risks (CERI) of the Sapienza University of Rome.Summary statistics of the database content indicate that 14 % of the Italian municipalities have experienced at least one earthquake-induced ground failure and that landslides are the most common ground effects (approximately 45 %), followed by ground cracks (32 %) and liquefaction (18 %). The relationships between ground effects and earthquake parameters such as seismic source energy (earthquake magnitude and epicentral intensity), local conditions (site intensity) and source-to-site distances are also analysed. The analysis indicates that liquefaction, surface faulting and ground changes are much more dependent on the earthquake source energy (i.e. magnitude) than landslides and ground cracks. In contrast, the latter effects are triggered at lower site intensities and greater epicentral distances than the other environmental effects.

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Section: Database Content and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy from a reviewed database

Martino

Prestininzi

Romeo

2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…989, (e.g., Porfi do et al, 2002Serva et al, 2007;Locati et al, 2011). The 1980 earthquake, the strongest and most destructive (I 0 = X MCS) seismic event of the last few decades in southern Italy, caused ~3000 casualties and affected the epicentral area with widespread coseismic ruptures, ground deformation (e.g., Bernard and Zollo, 1989;Blumetti et al, 2002;Locati et al, 2011;Pantosti and Valensise, 1990;Pingue and De Natale, 1993;Porfi do et al, 2002;Rovida et al, 2011;Serva et al, 2007;Westaway andJackson, 1984, 1987), and a large number of secondary geological effects, including landslides, ground cracks, liquefaction, and variations in the discharge rate of major springs (Esposito et al, 1998;Porfi do et al, 2002). The 1980 earthquake was characterized by a complex source mechanism, associated with at least three normal faulting ruptures on distinct fault segments (e.g., Bernard and Zollo, 1989;Westaway and Jackson, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A decoupled kinematic model for active normal faults: Insights from the 1980, MS = 6.9 Irpinia earthquake, southern Italy

Ascione

Mazzoli

Petrosino

et al. 2013

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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A signifi cant uncertainty exists in the defi - nition of both surface pattern and subsurface continuity (i.e., coupling vs. decoupling) of active normal faults in the Apennines. In this study, we investigated the epicentral area of the MS = 6.9, 1980 Irpinia earthquake— one of the most destructive historical earthquakes in Italy—based on detailed topography analyses, morphostratigraphic and structural data, and new age constraints from Quaternary deposits. The active tectonic behavior of the study area is controlled by a series of subparallel, mainly WNW-ESE– to NW-SE–trending, dominantly extensional faults spanning over the southern Apennines axial belt. A large part of the active fault strands is characterized by a subdued topographic expression, as a result of the young age of extensional faulting initiation, and of relatively low mean slip rates. In addition, as already known from long historical seismicity records elsewhere, long-lasting quiescence might alternate with clusters of closely spaced, strong earthquakes. The long-term morphostratigraphic record confi rms that long-lasting quiescence may punctuate fault activity, with major implications for seismic hazard assessment. The relatively smallsized cumulative fault throws estimated by surface evidence contrast with subsurface information provided by crustal-scale cross sections and seismological evidence, which both suggest the occurrence at depth of largedisplacement, mature fault zones capable of nucleating large earthquakes. Furthermore, although the surface distribution of active fault strands overlaps the belt affected by present-day low-magnitude seismicity and by large historical earthquakes, a mismatch in the attitude and kinematics of shallow versus deep faults is unraveled by a comparison of surface geological versus seismological data sets. This feature suggests a decoupling between surface and deep fault zones, and that outcropping fault planes cannot always be straightforwardly traced down to hypocentral depths, particularly in fold-andthrust belts characterized by strong rheological contrasts. On the other hand, stress inversion from outcropping active faults and from earthquake focal mechanisms indicates a general consistency of the stress fi eld, thus suggesting that a homogeneous late Quaternary extensional regime produces complex reactivation of the inherited, articulated fault network affecting different structural levels of the southern Apennine

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“…It is drawn in Fig. 1a with a dashed line within the I MCS =X isoseismal line showing a NW-SE trend, for a length of about 38 km Serva et al, 2007).…”

Section: Ground Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty-six landslides were observed ( Table 2). Ten of them were rotational slides and slump-earth flows; for the other slides the kind of movement and/or topographic position was not clear (Porfido et al, 2002Serva et al, 2007). Slope movement involved considerable volumes of material.…”

Section: Ground Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground effects and hydrological changes in the Southern Apennines (Italy) in response to the 23 July 1930 earthquake (<i>M<sub>S</sub></i>=6.7)

Esposito

Pece

Porfido

et al. 2009

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The 23 July 1930 earthquake (M S =6.7) in the Southern Apennines (Italy) was a catastrophic event that produced many effects such as surface faulting, fractures, landslides, settlements, hydrological changes, variations in chemical/physical activity related to the volcanic and/or thermal zones and also acoustic and optical phenomena. It is the first great earthquake of the twentieth century that was studied, thanks to the hydrological monitoring network of the Italian Hydrographic Survey (IHS) set up from 1925 to 1929. For this earthquake we analysed the initial IHS hydrometric and pluviometric data, looking for significant anomalies in springs, water wells and mountain streams. Hydrological data relative to rivers, springs and water wells indicate that some changes can be correlated with the earthquake: a post-seismic excess discharge in some streams, pre-and coseismic decreases in stream flows and water levels in wells, pre-and post-seismic increases in discharges. The pre-and co-seismic stresses and the tectonic deformations were studied in order to find a possible model of interaction between stress state and hydrological variations. The anomalies found in this work can be considered "rebound anomalies", which are the most common precursor reported by many authors and related to increases in porosity and permeability caused by the fracturing that precedes an earthquake. An estimation of the total excess discharge (0.035 km 3 ) caused by the M S =6.7 Irpinia earthquake is consistent with the excess discharge of about 0.01 km 3 determined for the M w =6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake.

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Environmental effects from five historical earthquakes in southern Apennines (Italy) and macroseismic intensity assessment: Contribution to INQUA EEE Scale Project

Cited by 60 publications

References 15 publications

Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy from a reviewed database

Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy from a reviewed database

A decoupled kinematic model for active normal faults: Insights from the 1980, MS = 6.9 Irpinia earthquake, southern Italy

Ground effects and hydrological changes in the Southern Apennines (Italy) in response to the 23 July 1930 earthquake (<i>M<sub>S</sub></i>=6.7)

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Environmental effects from five historical earthquakes in southern Apennines (Italy) and macroseismic intensity assessment: Contribution to INQUA EEE Scale Project

Cited by 60 publications

References 15 publications

Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy from a reviewed database

Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy from a reviewed database

A decoupled kinematic model for active normal faults: Insights from the 1980, MS = 6.9 Irpinia earthquake, southern Italy

Ground effects and hydrological changes in the Southern Apennines (Italy) in response to the 23 July 1930 earthquake (&lt;i&gt;M&lt;sub&gt;S&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;=6.7)

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Ground effects and hydrological changes in the Southern Apennines (Italy) in response to the 23 July 1930 earthquake (<i>M<sub>S</sub></i>=6.7)