Environmental consequences of industrial-scale fuel-ethanol production

Environmental analysis of biomass-ethanol facilities

“…A significantly lower quantity of wastewater is produced in this area, but it has about twice the solids and BOD as the condensate (Waits and Elmore 1983). At pH 5, it is also slightly acidic (Waits and Elmore 1983).…”

“…This stream will have a high concentration of organic matter that has a high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and an acidic pH (Waits and Elmore 1983). Total solids of this stream is estimated at 130 ppm with a BOD of 650 (Mulloney et al 1982); the pH is estimated at 3.9 (Waits and Elmore 1983).…”

“…These emissions are generally very small and are controlled with vent condensers (Waits and Elmore 1983). This source of emissions, however, is becoming more important because of the solvents' toxicity (Calmess 1994); benzene is a carcinogen and is included as one of EPA's 189 HAPS under CAAA-90.…”