Environmental concentrations of Roundup in combination with chlorpromazine or heating causes biochemical disturbances in the bivalve mollusc Unio tumidus

Abstract

Graphical abstract Bivalve molluscs represent the most recognized bioindicators of freshwater pollution. However, their ability to indicate specific xenobiotics in complex exposures is unclear. In this study, we aimed to track the particular effects of the pesticide Roundup (Rnd) and the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine (Cpz) on the mussel Unio tumidus at the simpler environmentally relevant models. We treated the mussels by Rnd (17 μg L −1 ), Cpz (18 μg L −1 ), the mixture of Rnd and Cpz at 18 °C (RndCpz), and Rnd at 25 °C (RndT) and examined their digestive glands after 14 days of exposure. We analyzed total antioxidant capacity, glutathione (GSH&GSSG) and protein carbonyls levels, total and Zn-related concentrations of metallothioneins (MT and Zn-MT, respectively), the activities of CYP450-related EROD, glutathione S -transferase, cholinesterase, caspase-3, citrate synthase (CS), lysosomal membrane integrity (NRR), and Zn level in the tissue. Shared responses were indicated as the increase of the antioxidant, Zn-MT, and EROD levels, whereas the changes of Zn concentration, NRR, and caspase-3 activity were most diverse compared to control. According to discriminant analysis, complex exposures abolished the individual response traits and intensified the harmful effects that caused a decrease in the Zn level in the RndCpz- and RndT-groups and the loss of lysosomal integrity in the RndT-group. We concluded that multi-marker expertise with the application of integrated indices had benefits when evaluating the effects of complex exposures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-021-16775-1.

Cellular and oxidative stress responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis to chlorpromazine: implications of an antipsychotic drug exposure study

“…Importantly, the indicated features of the oxidative changes in the present study are similar to that reported early for the freshwater bivalve mollusc Unio tumidus subjected to Cpz in the concentration of 18.0 μg L -1 for 14 days (Khoma et al, 2020;Khoma et al, 2022). In particular, there were confirmed the responses of catalase, TBARS and GSH, and the total balance of antioxidants versus prooxidative changes (APB).…”

“…Biochemical responses to Cpz, particularly oxidative stress manifestations, are reported mainly in fish and in acute exposures to high (hundreds of µg and mg per L) concentrations ( Li et al, 2008 ; Atama et al, 2022 ). To the best of our knowledge, biochemical responses of bivalve molluscs to Cpz in low (56 nM) concentrations were studied only in our previous works ( Khoma et al, 2020 ; Khoma et al, 2022 ).…”

“…The high concentration corresponded to levels approximately equal to 1/100 of the EC50 value (1.805 mg L⁻ 1 ) for Daphnia magna ( Oliveira et al, 2015 ). Additionally, it was equivalent to the concentration of Cpz applied in our previous study to the freshwater bivalve mollusc Unio tumidus (18.0 μg L⁻ 1 for 14 days), which induced oxidative stress in this species ( Khoma et al, 2020 ; Khoma et al, 2022 ).…”

The odd couple: Caffeine and microplastics. Morphological and physiological changes in Mytilus galloprovincialis

“…To capture the real environmental scenario, studies on the pharmaceutical effects must account for potential interactions between various stressors and the resulting modulation of responses. Consequently, the application of multiple stressor model exposures has gained popularity in aquatic ecotoxicology (Arrigo et al, 2023; Banaee et al, 2022; Banaee, Faraji, et al, 2023; Banaee, Impellitteri, et al, 2023; Burgos‐Aceves et al, 2021a, 2021b; Filice et al, 2023; Khoma et al, 2021; Mezzelani et al, 2023).…”

“…Consequently, the application of multiple stressor model exposures has gained popularity in aquatic ecotoxicology (Arrigo et al, 2023;Banaee et al, 2022;Banaee, Faraji, et al, 2023;Banaee, Impellitteri, et al, 2023;Burgos-Aceves et al, 2021a, 2021bFilice et al, 2023;Khoma et al, 2021;Mezzelani et al, 2023).…”