Environmental benefits of urea production from basic oxygen furnace gas

Kleijne, Kiane de; James, Jebin; Hanssen, Steef V.; Zelm, Rosalie van

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115119

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Urea production from basic oxygen furnace gas (BOFG) uses waste heat from the steel plant for capture and conversion processes (1 and 2) and replaces electricity production from BOFG. 113 Hence, quantification of the GHG intensity of urea includes replacement of electricity produced from BOFG by the 1.5 C-compatible electricity mix (4). Last, close to halving emissions is CO via rWGS with relatively low conversion emissions (2).…”

Section: Paris Compatibility In 2030mentioning

confidence: 99%

Limits to Paris compatibility of CO2 capture and utilization

Kleijne¹,

Hanssen²,

Dinteren³

et al. 2022

One Earth

Self Cite

112

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Section: Paris Compatibility In 2030mentioning

confidence: 99%

Limits to Paris compatibility of CO2 capture and utilization

Kleijne¹,

Hanssen²,

Dinteren³

et al. 2022

One Earth

Self Cite

112

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“…The processes are extended by the production of urea. 39 To produce all chemicals in the benchmark scenarios serving the functional unit, and to allow for the separation of valuable compounds and their subsequent utilization as feedstock for conventional processes, the conventional processes are obtained from IHS 31 and included additionally (cf. Table S1 in the SI).…”

Section: ■ Optimization Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the production of high-value chemicals, all CCU technologies with high and low technology readiness levels (TRL) and methanol-to-X processes as published in Kätelhön et al and Artz et al are included. The processes are extended by the production of urea . To produce all chemicals in the benchmark scenarios serving the functional unit, and to allow for the separation of valuable compounds and their subsequent utilization as feedstock for conventional processes, the conventional processes are obtained from IHS and included additionally (cf.…”

Section: Optimization Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Shall We Do with Steel Mill Off-Gas: Polygeneration Systems Minimizing Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Kleinekorte

Leitl

Zibunas

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Both the global steel and chemical industries contribute largely to industrial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For both industries, GHG emissions are strongly related to the consumption of fossil resources. While the chemical industry often releases GHGs as direct process emissions, steel mills globally produce 1.78 Gt of off-gases each year, which are currently combusted for subsequent heat and electricity generation. However, these steel mill off-gases consist of high value compounds, which also can be utilized as feedstock for chemical production and thereby reduce fossil resource consumption and thus GHG emissions. In the present work, we determine climate-optimal utilization pathways for steel mill off-gases. We combine a nonlinear, disjunctive model of the steel mill off-gas separation system with a large-scale linear model of the chemical industry to perform environmental optimization. The results show that the climate-optimal utilization of steel mill off-gases depends on electricity’s carbon footprint: For the current electricity grid mix, methane, hydrogen, and synthesis gas are recovered as feedstocks for conventional chemical production and enable a methanol-based chemical industry. For low electricity footprints in the future, the separation of steel mill off-gases supports CO2-based production processes in the chemical industry, supplying up to 30% of the required CO2. By coupling the global steel and chemical industry, industrial GHG emissions can be reduced by up to 79 Mt CO2-equivalents per year. These reductions provide up to 4.5% additional GHG savings compared to a stand-alone optimization of the two industries, showing a limited potential for this industrial symbiosis.

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“…The conventional production of methanol takes place by hydrogenation of syngas obtained from natural gas [20]. The conventional production of urea takes place through following steps: natural gas reforming by steam (SMR), high-& low-temperature WGS reactions, CO 2 capture, methanation, ammonia synthesis and urea synthesis reactors [21].…”

Section: Conventional Production Of Steel and Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…kg urea -1 . Kleijne et al [12] assessed the production of urea from basic oxygen furnace gas in the framework of the BOF2UREA project. They concluded that using BOFG for urea production results in GHG emissions of 0.42 kg CO2-eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Lifecycle Assessment of Methanol and Urea Produced from Steel Mill Gases

Gaikwad

Maga

Schlüter

2022

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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The Carbon2Chem® project aims to utilize the process gases of commodity industrial sectors, e.g., steel mills as carbon source for chemicals industrial sector. This article examines the integrated production of steel and chemical considering five different designs for methanol production and two for urea production. The impacts of the integrated production of steel and chemicals (methanol, urea) are compared to the conventional production of steel and respective chemical. Employing Carbon2Chem® technologies in a steelmaking facility in 2030 provides clear advantages in all investigated scenarios for global warming impact, even after taking into account the additional input of natural gas to substitute the steel mill gases in the power plant. Optimizing the demand of external hydrogen is the key to minimizing the global warming impact of the chemicals. When using wind power, total greenhouse gas emissions can be almost halved in the case of methanol and reduced to one‐third in the case of urea.

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Environmental benefits of urea production from basic oxygen furnace gas

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Limits to Paris compatibility of CO2 capture and utilization

Limits to Paris compatibility of CO2 capture and utilization

What Shall We Do with Steel Mill Off-Gas: Polygeneration Systems Minimizing Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Comparative Lifecycle Assessment of Methanol and Urea Produced from Steel Mill Gases

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