Environmental benefits of methanesulfonic acid

Gernon, Michael; Wu, Min; Buszta, Thomas; Janney, Patrick

doi:10.1039/a900157c

Cited by 349 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A low maximum current density is achieved in alkaline baths and they may suffer from losses in current efficiency. 3 Acidic baths can offer faster deposition rates at ambient temperature but are more complicated to maintain [2][3][4][5] . Their operation is largely determined by the type of additives.…”

Section: Electrodeposition Of Tinmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of developments in the electrodeposition of tin

Walsh

Low

2016

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Highlights Types of aqueous electrolytes for pure tin deposits are reviewed. The many existing and developing applications of tin deposits are summarised. Emphasis is placed on versatile methanesulfonic acid electrolytes. The effects of bath composition (including additives) and operating conditions on deposit morphology are illustrated. Electrochemical studies at static and controlled flow rotating electrodes are illustrated. AbstractThe importance of tin and its electrodeposition are summarised and the scope for plating tin is outlined.Established applications of electroplated tin include corrosion protection, electronics fabrication and cooking utensils. The past 20 years have seen developments in the science and technology of tin plating, including research into nanostructured deposits, adoption of environmentally friendly methanesulfonic acid baths and more ambitious coatings including multi-layers and composites. Our ability to tailor deposit structure and composition has been improved by newer electrolytes, pulse plating and electrolyte additives. The diversity of tin applications has extended to lithium batteries using newer structures (such as composites, multi-layers and nanostructures), electrical control (e.g., pulsed current) and relative bath/electrode movement (including the use of rotating electrodes). Electrochemical aspects of modern tin deposition are illustrated by data from the authors' laboratory which highlights the versatility of methanesulfonic acid electrolytes. A wide range of deposit morphology, colour and surface finish are possible by the use of suitable addition agents and control of electrode/electrolyte movement and operating conditions. Subject areas needing further research work are identified.

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Section: Electrodeposition Of Tinmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of developments in the electrodeposition of tin

Walsh

Low

2016

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…Meanwhile, MSA has certain excellent properties, such as high conductivity, stability against volatilization and hydrolysis, and low corrosiveness and toxicity [24][25][26]. Besides, aqueous copper methanesulfonate can be directly used in electroplating and in the electronics industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of Copper from Malachite with Methane-sulfonic Acid

Feng

Wen

Zhao

et al. 2015

SERDJ

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The process of leaching copper from malachite using methane-sulfonic acid (MSA) as an organic leaching reagent was investigated in this study. The effects of acid concentration, reaction temperature, particle size, and stirring speed on the copper leaching fraction were determined. Results indicated that leaching reagent concentration and reaction temperature exerted significant effects on copper extraction, whereas particle size and stirring speed exerted a relatively minor effect on the leaching rate. The kinetics of the dissolution process followed the shrinking core model, and a new kinetic model was found suitable to represent the rate-controlling step. The apparent activation energy of this process was determined to be 24.48 kJ/mol, and a semi-empirical rate equation was obtained to describe the process.

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“…Lead methanesulfonate solubility in water is high, at 2.6 mol·dm −3 , compared to lead sulfate which saturates at 0.004 mol·dm −3 , lead hydroxide at 0.034 mol·dm −3 , or lead nitrate at 1.64 mol·dm −3 [25]. MSA retains good conductivity (275 S·cm −2 ·mol −1 ), and has lower toxicity than other solvents.…”

Section: Use Of Methanesulfonic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where nitric acid reacts with metals to evolve hydrogen, MSA does not. MSA does not attack organic compounds nor does it require pre-disposal treatment like H 2 SO 4 [25]. Therefore, MSA was used to make lead (II) methanesulfonate electrolyte.…”

Section: Use Of Methanesulfonic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Empirically, the solubility limit of Pb in MSA is indicated at 1.25 mol·dm −3 Pb 2+ in 2.5 mol·dm −3 MSA at 25 • C [19,25], while the solubility of lead methanesulfonate is inversely proportional to the concentration of methanesulfonic acid [19]. Reference [16] also shows that conductivity of electrolyte made from methanesulfonic acid increases with high acid concentrations and low lead concentration.…”

Section: Use Of Methanesulfonic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing Electrolyte for a Soluble Lead Redox Flow Battery by Reprocessing Spent Lead Acid Battery Electrodes

2017

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Abstract:The archival value of this paper is the investigation of novel methods to recover lead (II) ions from spent lead acid battery electrodes to be used directly as electrolyte for a soluble lead flow battery. The methods involved heating electrodes of spent lead acid batteries in methanesulfonic acid and hydrogen peroxide to dissolve solid lead and lead dioxide out of the electrode material. The processes yielded lead methanesulfonate, which is an electrolyte for the soluble lead acid battery. The lead (II) ions in the electrolyte were identified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy and their electrochemistry confirmed using cyclic voltammetry. The concentration of lead (II) ions was determined and it was found that using the higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide yielded the highest concentration of lead (II) ions. The method was therefore found to be sufficient to make electrolyte for a soluble lead cell.

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Environmental benefits of methanesulfonic acid

Cited by 349 publications

References 9 publications

A review of developments in the electrodeposition of tin

A review of developments in the electrodeposition of tin

Leaching of Copper from Malachite with Methane-sulfonic Acid

Developing Electrolyte for a Soluble Lead Redox Flow Battery by Reprocessing Spent Lead Acid Battery Electrodes

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