Environmental Assessment of Fusion Reactors by the Calculation of CO2 Emission Amount

Uemura, Satoshi; Yamazaki, K.; Arimoto, Hideki; Oishi, Tetsutarou; Shoji, T.

doi:10.3327/taesj.j08.019

Cited by 5 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the case of a TR with D-3 He fuel, high temperature and a high maximum toroidal field are required for a compact, economical reactor. Thus, a D- 3 He fuel reactor is assumed to have high performance (high temperature, strong magnetic field, and high beta). Because of the low D-D neutron generation rate of D- 3 He fuel operation, we assumed that there is no blanket exchange for D- 3 He fuel fusion reactors.…”

Section: Assessment Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, a D- 3 He fuel reactor is assumed to have high performance (high temperature, strong magnetic field, and high beta). Because of the low D-D neutron generation rate of D- 3 He fuel operation, we assumed that there is no blanket exchange for D- 3 He fuel fusion reactors. The main param- Table 1 Main parameters of several magnetic confinement fusion reactors obtained by the PEC code.…”

Section: Assessment Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5]. To estimate CO 2 emission amounts, we used a basic unit for CO 2 weight (kt-CO 2 /t-material) based on an input-output table [3,6,7]. All CO 2 emissions from mining, transport, and fabrication of various components are included in this table.…”

Section: Assessment Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several blanket modules author's e-mail: yamazaki@ees.nagoya-u.ac.jp and fuel systems (D-T or D-3 He) are considered in TR design. We used the PEC code [1][2][3] to calculate the COE of magnetic confinement fusion reactors. The PEC code is a system code that calculates the plasma parameters and radial build of fusion reactors with input parameters such as net electric power output and ignition margin.…”

Section: Assessment Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We clarify major components contributing to large CO 2 emission amounts in each reactor design. In particular, as an extension of our assessment of magnetic fusion reactors [3], we evaluate various blanket designs, including fission-fusion hybrid and D- 3 He fuel fusion systems. An inertial confinement fusion reactor is also assessed by adding driver and target models to the PEC code.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental and Economical Assessment of Various Fusion Reactors by the Calculation of CO2 Emission Amounts

Uemura

Yamazaki

Arimoto

et al. 2010

Plasma and Fusion Research

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We compared the CO 2 emissions of several fusion reactors. The magnetic confinement systems evaluated here are the tokamak reactor (TR), helical reactor (HR), and spherical tokamak reactor (ST). These models are calculated by the Physics-Engineering-Cost (PEC) code. The inertial confinement fusion reactor (IR) is also evaluated, assuming its driver energy and driver efficiency. In addition, different blanket modules and fuels are considered in the TR designs. To calculate life-cycle CO 2 emission from fusion reactors defined by plasma parameters and radial build, we used a basic unit for CO 2 weights (kt-CO 2 /t-material). Calculation results indicate that CO 2 is emitted mainly in the construction stage of superconducting magnet systems for magnetic confinement fusion reactors. For the IR design, the driver system construction and pellet fabrication stages involve considerable CO 2 emission. By comparing fusion reactors with other electric power generation systems in terms of CO 2 emission, we confirmed that fusion reactors emit less CO 2 . Therefore, introducing a carbon tax has little effect on the economics of fusion reactors, and the cost of electricity (COE) from fusion reactors might be lower than that of oil-fired electric power plants when a carbon tax of around several hundred yen/t-CO 2 is introduced.

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Section: Assessment Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Environmental and Economical Assessment of Various Fusion Reactors by the Calculation of CO2 Emission Amounts

Uemura

Yamazaki

Arimoto

et al. 2010

Plasma and Fusion Research

Self Cite

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show abstract

Burning plasma simulation and environmental assessment of tokamak, spherical tokamak and helical reactors

et al. 2009

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Reference 1-GWe D-T reactors; tokamak TR-1, spherical tokamak ST-1 and helical HR-1 reactors, are designed using PEC (Physics Engineering Cost) code, and their plasma behaviors with Internal Transport Barrier (ITB) operations are analyzed using TOTAL (Toroidal Transport Analysis Linkage) code, which clarifies the requirement of deep penetration of pellet fueling to realize steady-state advanced burning operation. In addition, economical and environmental assessments were performed using extended PEC code, which shows the advantage of high beta tokamak reactors in COE and the advantage of compact spherical tokamak in lifetime CO 2 emission reduction. Comparing with other electric power generation system, the cost of fusion reactor is higher than that of fission reactor, but on the same level of oil thermal power system. The CO 2 reduction can be achieved in fusion reactors same as in the fission reactor. The EPR of high-beta tokamak reactor TR-1 could be higher than that of other systems including fission reactor. These systematic design and comparative simulation analyses on both tokamak and helical reactors can be done by the help of the above two codes.

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Environmental and economic assessments of magnetic and inertial fusion energy reactors

Yamazaki¹,

Oishi²,

Mori³

2011

Nucl. Fusion

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Global warming due to rapid greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of the present-day crucial problems, and fusion reactors are expected to be abundant electric power generation systems to reduce human GHG emission amounts. To search for an environmental-friendly and economical fusion reactor system, comparative system studies have been done for several magnetic fusion energy reactors, and have been extended to include inertial fusion energy reactors. We clarify new scaling formulae for the cost of electricity and GHG emission rate with respect to key design parameters, which might be helpful in making a strategy for fusion research development. Comparisons with other conventional electric power generation systems are carried out taking into account the introduction of GHG taxes and the application of the carbon dioxide capture and storage system to fossil power generators.

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Environmental Assessment of Fusion Reactors by the Calculation of CO2 Emission Amount

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Environmental and Economical Assessment of Various Fusion Reactors by the Calculation of CO2 Emission Amounts

Environmental and Economical Assessment of Various Fusion Reactors by the Calculation of CO2 Emission Amounts

Burning plasma simulation and environmental assessment of tokamak, spherical tokamak and helical reactors

Environmental and economic assessments of magnetic and inertial fusion energy reactors

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