Environmental and Hygiene Requirements for Ensuring Radiation Safety During the Construction and Reconstruction of Buildings in The Russian Federation

Abstract

The levels of natural background radiation in certain territories of the Russian Federation differ significantly from each other and can vary widely. Most of the population receives radiation doses from natural sources of ionizing radiation from 2 to 4 mSv/year, but in some areas their radiation levels exceed 10 mSv/year. The population of the Russian Federation receives the main collective dose of radiation from natural radiation while living and working in enclosed residential, public and industrial buildings. In them, the levels of ionizing radiation in buildings, as a rule, depend on the level of the radiation background of the territory, which is determined by the geological, geochemical features of the area and its terrain, as well as on the type of building, radioactivity of the building materials used, emanation and exhalation of radon and daughter products of its decay into rooms from the ground and building materials used. The average annual individual doses of ionizing radiation in buildings, with the exception of certain territories, are small, but they can in isolated cases cause somatic and genetic effects in humans. To reduce the likelihood of such consequences in the Russian Federation, a system of legal and organizational provision of radiation safety of the population during the construction and reconstruction of buildings was developed, environmental and hygienic requirements for it were determined.