Environmental and economic evaluation of ammonia as a fuel for short-sea shipping: A case study

Zincir, Burak

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.03.281

Cited by 59 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Especially when comparing new fuels such as methanol or ammonia. [56][57][58] The effect of black carbon should also be considered in more detail for a fair comparison of options. There is still much discussion of the GWP factor for black carbon, and more sufficient data for the black carbon emission factor is required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing sustainable shipping and maritime transport: Multi-criteria analysis between emission abatement methods

Altarriba,

Rahiala,

Tanhuanpää

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M:

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Annual emissions from maritime transport are contributing to the acceleration of global climate change and deteriorating local air quality. Shipowners need information on current and new emission reduction solutions to compare cost-effectiveness and environmental impact. However, emissions reduction in the maritime sector is a complex issue that should also consider the environmental impacts during fuel production and the full impact of different options during use. In this study, different fuel options and emission reduction methods are compared to rank the overall sustainability of alternatives. The overall sustainability assessment is based on the economic and environmental indexes generated, weighted, and aggregated. The results show that the sustainability index of LNG is often the best of the options compared. The difference in fuel prices determines much of the difference in economic performance between fuels. The results emphasize the importance of including several criteria when comparing more sustainable alternatives in shipping.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing sustainable shipping and maritime transport: Multi-criteria analysis between emission abatement methods

Altarriba,

Rahiala,

Tanhuanpää

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M:

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“…In addition, the weather and environmental conditions encountered by a maritime vessel can have a substantial influence on its operational costs. For instance, inclement weather conditions can potentially require the consumption of extra fuel or give rise to enhanced vessel deterioration, thereby resulting in added maintenance expenses (Olaniyi et al, 2018) Fuel Ratios & LHV of Ammonia and LSMGO (Huang et al, 2022;Zincir, 2022).…”

Section: Opex-operational Expenditurementioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Power Management Systems in Ships – Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Assessment

Nazemian,

Boulougouris,

Melemadom

2024

IMDC

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This paper addresses the maritime industry's imperative to cut greenhouse gas emissions by exploring hybrid propulsion systems for bulk carrier vessels, specifically focusing on battery systems and hybridized conventional four-stroke generator engines. Utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and MARCOS decision-making method, the study evaluates diverse factors, including capital and operational expenditures, risk, emissions, bunkering availability, and weight. The research delves into different power management system topologies, such as conventional diesel engines, ammonia, and methanol-fueled engines, along with battery hybrids. The study underscores the methodological significance of decision-making tools and anticipates that evolving regulations will drive the maritime industry towards carbon neutrality through hybrid power management systems.

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“…α is the speed coefficient which is between 2.5 and 3 [21]. The speed coefficient depends on the ship block coefficient, propeller-engine interaction, and weather conditions [22]. This coefficient was taken as 2.5 according to the main engine power-ship speed data taken from ship noon reports.…”

Section: Equations and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow steaming application for short-sea shipping to comply with the CII regulation

Zincir

2023

brod

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Slow steaming is an effective operational measure that reduces fuel consumption and thus emissions on board. With the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) regulation coming into force in 2023 from the International Maritime Organization (IMO), ships will have to reduce their CO2 emissions even more. The practice of slow steaming is an important measure to comply with this regulation. In this study, real voyage data of a general cargo ship was used. The changes in fuel consumption, CO2, CH4, N2O, and BC emissions, 20-year global warming potential (GWP20), and 100-year global warming potential (GWP100) of the ship were analysed under different scenarios (75%, 38%, 27%, and 19% main engine load), and the voyage expenses and cost-benefit ratio were calculated. At 38% main engine load, 31.5% less emissions were released than at 75% main engine load. At 27% and 19% main engine load, the emission reduction was 40.6% and 50.1%, respectively. The CO2 reduction target of 40% by 2030 and 50% by 2050 compared to 2008 levels in the IMO Initial GHG Strategy was achieved with slow steaming. As CO2 emissions decreased due to the application of slow steaming, this had a positive impact on the ship's CII rating and it remained at the A rating without further action. Nevertheless, it remains at the A rating with slow steaming, the amount of emissions varies depending on the rate of application of slow steaming in three different scenarios, and this shows that the environmental impact of each A rating is not the same. The results of the economic analysis show that operating costs increase and fuel costs decrease when the travel time is extended with slow steaming. As a result, the total voyage expenses decreased by up to 23.3%.

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Environmental and economic evaluation of ammonia as a fuel for short-sea shipping: A case study

Cited by 59 publications

References 51 publications

Developing sustainable shipping and maritime transport: Multi-criteria analysis between emission abatement methods

Developing sustainable shipping and maritime transport: Multi-criteria analysis between emission abatement methods

Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Power Management Systems in Ships – Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Assessment

Slow steaming application for short-sea shipping to comply with the CII regulation

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