Environmental and ecological effects of Lake Shihwa reclamation project in South Korea: A review

Lee, Changhee; Lee, Bum-Yeon; Chang, Won Keun; Hong, Seongjin; Song, Sung Joon; Park, Jinsoon; Kwon, Bong-Oh; Khim, Jong Seong

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.12.018

Cited by 66 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…SB is located on the western coast of South Korea, and is an artificial bay isolated by a dyke, with an area of 56.5 km 2 and a mean depth of 3.2 m. As part of a government land reclamation project conducted during the 1980s and 1990s, Shihwa Dyke (12.7 km long, with a 100-m sluice gate) was built in the mouth of the Shihwa Estuary in 1994, creating a large artificial lake (called "Lake Shihwa") to supply water for agricultural and industrial purpose, and to extend the area of agricultural land (173 km 2 reclaimed land; Bae et al, 2010;Lee et al, 2014). However, the artificial dyke was built without consideration of the surrounding environmental conditions, including the lack of wastewater treatment facilities and massive nutrient loading from neighboring industrial complexes and large cities (e.g., Ansan, Shiheung, and Hwaseong), and the restricted water circulation resulted in a rapid deterioration of water quality (Park et al, 1997.…”

Section: Hypoxia In the Artificial System Of Sb General Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the artificial dyke was built without consideration of the surrounding environmental conditions, including the lack of wastewater treatment facilities and massive nutrient loading from neighboring industrial complexes and large cities (e.g., Ansan, Shiheung, and Hwaseong), and the restricted water circulation resulted in a rapid deterioration of water quality (Park et al, 1997. For example, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), an index used to assess the magnitude of organic pollution, exceeded ∼17 mg L −1 in the water-column in 1997 (after construction of the dyke), which was approximately six times higher than before the dyke was built (∼3 mg L −1 in 1993; Lee et al, 2014). Since the isolation, reports have also documented black coloration and unpleasant odor of the seawater, and massive fish kills have occurred in the eutrophic lake (Cho, 2005).…”

Section: Hypoxia In the Artificial System Of Sb General Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the government has taken various other measures, such as the enhancement of sewage treatment systems and installation of a total pollution load management system (Bae et al, 2010). As a result, water quality has improved; for example, the COD decreased from ∼17 mg L −1 in 1997 to ∼4.5 mg L −1 in 2001 (Lee et al, 2014). Nevertheless, large amounts of anthropogenic N are still discharged, mainly through a number of stream runoffs, into the sluggish SB, with the main sources being domestic sewage (5,400 kg day −1 ), land-used waste (3,000 kg day −1 ), and industrial effluents (2,700 kg day −1 ).…”

Section: Hypoxia In the Artificial System Of Sb General Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypoxia in Korean Coastal Waters: A Case Study of the Natural Jinhae Bay and Artificial Shihwa Bay

et al. 2018

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Several coastal regions in Korea have suffered from hypoxia since the 1970s. We present the first review of Korean coastal hypoxia, focusing on its spatiotemporal variation, controlling factors, and effects on marine ecosystems. The review considers the two hotspots of the natural Jinhae Bay (JB) and artificial Shihwa Bay (SB), which are referred to as "Korean dead zones." The hypoxia in the JB is attributed to eutrophication due to domestic and land-used waste input and thermal stratification based on the naturally sluggish water circulation, whereas the hypoxia in the SB is due to eutrophication resulting from domestic, land-used, and industrial waste input and haline stratification as a consequence of the artificially created water stagnation. The bottom-water hypoxia and stratification has led to an imbalance in nitrogen:phosphorus ratio between surface and bottom waters. Hypoxia has also created undesirable benthic community changes in the both bays: (1) mass mortality of large species and recolonization with elevated abundances of opportunists in JB, and (2) decrease of the number of species, abundance, and diversity of benthic communities in SB. Therefore, it behooves us to pay attention to these environmental changes. This review will be helpful in determining the direction of future studies of Korean coastal hypoxia.

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Section: Hypoxia In the Artificial System Of Sb General Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypoxia In the Artificial System Of Sb General Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypoxia In the Artificial System Of Sb General Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypoxia in Korean Coastal Waters: A Case Study of the Natural Jinhae Bay and Artificial Shihwa Bay

et al. 2018

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“…However, there are many concerns regarding the maintenance of water quality in those artificial reservoirs [12]. The study site, Hwasung Lake, is an artificial lake in the region made by damming Namyang-bay with a tide embankment, and its area is 1730 ha with a volume of 54,600,000 tons.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Salinity Change on Water Quality Variables from the Sediment of an Artificial Lake under Anaerobic Conditions

Kim

Kang

Kim³

et al. 2017

Sustainability

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Artificial reservoirs are created by dike construction in coastal areas to secure the agricultural water supply on the west coast of South Korea. These systems are found to retain brackish characteristics until total desalination is achieved. To evaluate the effects of salinity on the organic substances released from the sediment, a laboratory water-sediment column experiment was conducted to assess associated changes in water quality variables such as the sediment oxygen demand (SOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Under high salinity conditions, the release of N from the sediment was promoted with the enhancement of SOD and COD. This trend was accounted for by the response of the microorganisms (cell breakdown of algae and suppression of metabolic activity). Our results suggest that chemicals (N, P, and COD) released from sediment and its overall impact on the water quality of a brackish lake should vary depending on the temporal and spatial dynamics of the salinity.

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“…In the uncertainty analysis of predicted PS pollutant loads, the mean and standard deviation of the PS pollutant loads prediction error (predicted PS pollutant loadsactual PS pollutant loads) were assumed to be 0 and 20% of the predicted PS pollutant loads, respectively. This assumption was based on other completed polder reclamation project studies in similar settings to the study area in the present research (Lee et al, 2014). To generate likelihood weights of combined uncertainty sources, likelihood weights of three uncertainty sources were first multiplied together and the product divided by their total.…”

Section: Uncertain Input Data and Uncertainty Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Modelling System with Uncertainty Analysis for Reservoir Water Quality Management in a Reclamation River Basin

Ham

Hong

2016

Irrigation and Drainage

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A developed integrated modelling system with uncertainty analysis (Monte Carlo simulation and generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation) was used to evaluate the effect of uncertainty sources on long‐term water quality and develop river basin management measures to meet the specified water quality criteria based on the predicted probability of occurrence in the reclamation river basin. The results of the deterministic integrated modelling system without uncertainty analysis showed that the Hwaong Reservoir water quality for total phosphorus (T‐P) (0.094 mg l−1) in 2022 would meet the reservoir water quality standard (0.1 mg l−1). However, the water quality prediction for the Hwaong Reservoir in 2022 using the integrated modelling system with uncertainty analysis showed that only 28% would meet the T‐P water quality standard, indicating that to meet the water quality standard with a 90% level of confidence, further river basin management measures should be applied in addition to the construction of planned wastewater treatment plants and treatment wetlands. The developed integrated modelling system with uncertainty analysis was demonstrated to be advantageous because it can allow modellers to make useful decisions about whether a river basin management plan can meet specified water quality criteria based on the probability of occurrence. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Environmental and ecological effects of Lake Shihwa reclamation project in South Korea: A review

Cited by 66 publications

References 27 publications

Hypoxia in Korean Coastal Waters: A Case Study of the Natural Jinhae Bay and Artificial Shihwa Bay

Hypoxia in Korean Coastal Waters: A Case Study of the Natural Jinhae Bay and Artificial Shihwa Bay

Impact of Salinity Change on Water Quality Variables from the Sediment of an Artificial Lake under Anaerobic Conditions

Integrated Modelling System with Uncertainty Analysis for Reservoir Water Quality Management in a Reclamation River Basin

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