Environmental and biological monitoring of benzene exposure in a cohort of Italian taxi drivers

Evaluation of urinary biomarkers of exposure to benzene: correlation with blood benzene and influence of confounding factors

“…Clearly, B-B has several elimination half-lives and according to the time of sampling, blood benzene levels reXect either exposure during the preceding hours (end of shift collection) or a longer exposure period (preshift collection). Although no data regarding the half-life of B-U could be located, it is considered that the measurement of urinary levels of a solvent can be adequately interpreted only if the collection of samples is carried out at relatively short times Manini et al 2006). It is probable that the half-life of B-U is relatively short and its concentration in the end of shift urine is a parameter correlated with exposure during the same period Perbellini et al 1999).…”

“…Numerous studies have examined the suitability of potential biomarkers, on the basis of the evaluation of their relationship with external exposure (e.g. Boogaard and van Sittert 1996;Brugnone et al 1998Brugnone et al , 1999Carrieri et al 2006;Chakroun et al 2002;Crebelli et al 2001;Fustinoni et al 2005a,b;Garte et al 2005;Ghittori et al 1993Ghittori et al , 1995Ghittori et al , 1999Gobba et al 1997;Hotz et al 1997;Inoue et al 1989Inoue et al , 2000Kim et al 2006;Kirkeleit et al 2006;Kivisto et al 1997;Lagorio et al 1998;Lauwerys et al 1994;Manini et al 2006;Melikian et al 2002;Ong et al 1996;Panev et al 2002;Pekari et al 1992;Qu et al 2003Qu et al , 2005Raghavan and Basavaiah 2005;Rothman et al 1998;Sorensen et al 2004;Waidyanatha et al 2001Waidyanatha et al , 2004. Urinary phenol which was routinely used as biomarker of occupational exposure to benzene is not suitable at exposure levels <5 ppm because of its high and variable background caused by endogenous production as well as dietary and environmental exposure to phenol.…”

Determination of organic acids in urine by solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography–ion trap tandem mass spectrometry previous ‘in sample’ derivatization with trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate

“…FA, t,t-MA, PGA, MA, HA, MHAs, the health-based values or Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) established in 2006 were considered. Aside from biomonitoring applications, these organic acids show different concentrations in urine and, thus, high-performance liquid chromatography (Maestri et al, 1995;Tan et al, 2003), high-performance capillary electrophoresis (Fujii et al, 1999), gas chromatography (Van Roosmalen and Drummond, 1978;Ohashi et al, 2006), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Bechtold et al, 1991;Ruppert et al, 1995;Waidyanatha et al, 2004), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (Melikian et al, 1999;Negri et al, 2005;Manini et al, 2006) and immunoassay (Inagaki et al, 2006) methods have been developed for measuring single or multiple compounds for similar urinary metabolite levels. However, no single assay is currently capable of quantitating the following urinary organic acids: 2-and 3-FA, HA, 2-, 3-and 4-MHAs, MA, PGA, SA and t,t-MA.…”

Cotinine en pédiatrie et en santé au travail

“…Nombreuses sont les études réalisant la surveillance biologique de l'exposition au tabac par les dosages de la cotinine dans les urines [18,22,25,26]. Elligsen et coll.…”