Environment and sex determination in farmed fish

Baroiller, Jean‐François; D'Cotta, Hélèna

doi:10.1016/s1532-0456(01)00267-8

Cited by 221 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Sex determination in zebrafish is affected by environmental factors and exogenous hormonal treatments (8). Also, removal of the germ cells acts as a sexual modulator promoting male development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecules that are likely to participate in such signaling are sex-determining hormones, such as testosterone or estrogen (8). A key enzyme controlling the relative levels of sex hormones, cytochrome P450, catalyzes the transition of testosterone into estrogen (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in medaka and some poeciliid fishes, sex chromosomes can be distinguished from the autosomes (6,7). Interestingly however, even fish with established sex chromosomes show strong dependence on environmental cues, the most prominent of which is temperature, but other factors such as pH, pollutants, and social effects have been shown to influence sex determination as well (8,9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development without germ cells: The role of the germ line in zebrafish sex differentiation

Slanchev

Stebler

Cueva-Méndez

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

301

226

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The progenitors of the gametes, the primordial germ cells (PGCs) are typically specified early in the development in positions, which are distinct from the gonad. These cells then migrate toward the gonad where they differentiate into sperms and eggs. Here, we study the role of the germ cells in somatic development and particularly the role of the germ line in the sex differentiation in zebrafish. To this end, we ablated the germ cells using two independent methods and followed the development of the experimental fish. First, PGCs were ablated by knocking down the function of dead end, a gene important for the survival of this lineage. Second, a method to eliminate the PGCs using the toxinantitoxin components of the parD bacterial genetic system was used. Specifically, we expressed a bacterial toxin Kid preferentially in the PGCs and at the same time protected somatic cells by uniformly expressing the specific antidote Kis. Our results demonstrate an unexpected role for the germ line in promoting female development because PGC-ablated fish invariably developed as males.cell ablation ͉ parD ͉ sex determination ͉ primordial germ cell ͉ dead end

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development without germ cells: The role of the germ line in zebrafish sex differentiation

Slanchev

Stebler

Cueva-Méndez

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

301

226

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“…However, there are numerous examples of temperature manipulations overriding apparent genetic mechanisms of sex determination in fish, including in other species shown through gynogenesis to have male heterogamety such as Japanese flounder (Yamamoto 1999) and marbled sole (Goto et al 2000), as well as non-flatfish species such as weather loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Nomura et al 1998), sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Azuma et al 2004), and goldfish, Carassius auratus (Goto-Kazeto et al 2006). The presumed mechanism for TSD in species that clearly have genetic sex determination is through temperature-induced changes in steroidogenic enzyme gene expression and/or enzyme activity (Baroiller and D'Cotta 2001;D'Cotta et al 2001a, b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of rearing temperature on sex ratio in juvenile Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus

2007

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Several flatfish species exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination. This research investigated the effects of rearing temperature on sex ratio in Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, a species in which females grow larger and faster than males under culture conditions. Previous research has shown that ovarian differentiation occurs in Atlantic halibut in the size interval of 38-50 mm, and precedes the differentiation of testes. In the current study, triplicate groups of juvenile Atlantic halibut were reared at each of three temperatures (7, 12 and 15°C) from an initial mean size of 21 mm to a final mean size of 80 mm (total length). The sex of each fish was then determined by macroscopic and histological examination of the gonads. Sex ratios were not significantly different from 1:1 in any group, suggesting that sex in this species is not influenced by temperature.

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“…Sex differentiation, and subsequent population sex ratio, in fishes have been shown to be strongly influenced by a variety of environmental factors, including temperature, pH, population density, juvenile size/growth rate, and social interactions (environmental sex determination (ESD); reviewed in Baroiller et al 1999; Baroiller and D'Cotta 2001;Devlin and Nagahama 2002;Godwin et al 2003). Studies into the effects of environmental factors in gonochoristic species (species in which individuals are either male or female throughout life) that display ESD have largely focused on temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth rate during early life affects sexual differentiation in roach (Rutilus rutilus)

2009

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Many environmental factors have been shown to influence sex differentiation in fish, resulting in sex-biased populations, but the effects of growth rate have received limited attention. We conducted a controlled laboratory experiment in which growth rate and population density were manipulated in roach (Rutilus rutilus) during early development, and the subsequent effects on sex ratio determined. Significant differences in growth rate between fish populations were induced through provision of three different ration levels. In the slowest growing population there were fewer females compared within the fastest growing population (19% compared to 36% females), suggesting that in roach it may be more advantageous to become a small male than a small female when growth potential is limited. This may result from the fact that fecundity is limited by body size in female roach and that male roach are able to reproduce at a significantly smaller body size than females. In contrast, where roach were kept at different stocking densities, and there were no differences in growth rate, the subsequent proportion of females did not vary. Our data highlight the importance of controlling for growth rate in research on sexual differentiation in this species, notably when assessing for the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals and other environmental factors, and have implications for fisheries management and aquaculture. The underlying mechanism for the influence of growth rate on sex differentiation has yet to be determined but is likely to have a strong endocrinological basis.

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Environment and sex determination in farmed fish

Cited by 221 publications

References 43 publications

Development without germ cells: The role of the germ line in zebrafish sex differentiation

Development without germ cells: The role of the germ line in zebrafish sex differentiation

Effect of rearing temperature on sex ratio in juvenile Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus

Growth rate during early life affects sexual differentiation in roach (Rutilus rutilus)

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