Environment and development: is there a Kuznets curve for CO₂emissions?

Abstract

This paper re-examines the relationship between growth in per capita income and environmental degradation using econometric techniques appropriate for smooth transition regressions with panel data. This is a more intuitive and flexible methodology than the polynomial models widely used in the literature, and it can reconcile some of the mixed results found previously. The methodology is applied to carbon dioxide emissions from non-OECD countries over the period . Although there is no evidence of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), we find two regimes, namely a low-income regime where emissions accelerate with economic growth and a middle to high-income regime associated with a deceleration in environmental degradation.

Effect of economic growth on CO2 emission in developing countries: Evidence from a dynamic panel threshold model

“…This is consistent with Aslanidis and Iranzo (2009) and Ahmed et al (2017) among others. Instead we observe a U-shaped relationship between economic growth and CO 2 emission whereby an increasing economic growth initially leads to declining CO 2 emission levels, reaches a threshold, beyond which increasing levels of GDP increases CO 2 .…”

“…This classification will help to position the current paper in its appropriate place in the literature. Aslanidis and Iranzo (2009) analysed the relationship between growth in per capita income and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in 77 non-OECD countries using the panel smooth transition regressions (PSTR) developed by González, Teräsvirta, and van Dijk (2005) but modified for asymmetry. Their panel data covered from 1971-1997.…”

Empirical study on the determinants of CO2emissions: evidence from OECD countries

“…4 The results of baseline equation (2) are presented as case 1, whereas the results 3 Trade here is defined as the sum of exports and imports. 4 We set this lag order in order to ensure a sufficient degree of freedom for time series analysis because the sample sizes of the selected countries in our study are quite small.…”

International progress and evaluation on interactive coupling effects between urbanization and the eco-environment

“…Since then, scholars have conducted empirical tests at the global, regional and national scale (Aslanidis and Iranzo, 2009;Akbostanci et al, 2009;Shahbaz et al, 2014) and continued, expanded and extended the hypothesis. For example, Gangadharan and Valenzuela (2001) analyzed the positive and negative causal relationships with income, health and environment, Heerink et al (2001) analyzed the curvilinear relationship between income inequality and the environment, and Cole (2003) (He, 2009;Jalil and Mahmud, 2009).…”