“…Step 1: Specify domain and dimensionality of the construct First, the domains and dimensions of consumer sophistication were identified. The characteristics sophisticated consumers were identified based on the existing literature on political sophistication (Danckert et al, 2017;Fiske et al, 1990;K€ olln, 2018;Luskin, 1987;Rhee and Cappella, 1997;Weitz-Shapiro and Winters, 2017) and consumer sophistication Consumer sophistication (Barnes and McTavish, 1983;Garry, 2007;Gupta and Polsky, 2015;Kim and La, 2012;Newell et al, 2011;Porter, 1990;Sauer, 2005;Titus and Bradford, 1996). Based on this process, six dimensions of consumer sophistication were identified: knowledge, experience, sensory skills, interest and preference insights, the information process and opinions.…”