Entry into the criminal justice system: A survey of police arrests and their outcomes: Home Office research study 185

Phillips, Coretta; Brown, D. N.; James, Zoe; Goodrich, Paul

doi:10.1037/e422462008-001

Cited by 53 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…• Eyewitness identifications were found by Phillips and Brown [17] to play a role in around 90% of arrests made at ten police stations across England and Wales (and was the main source of evidence relied upon in sexual offences and offences involving the use of violence against the person the eyewitness testimony of the victim).…”

Section: The Pertinence Of Cognitive Bias To the Forensic And Investimentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive bias in line-up identifications: The impact of administrator knowledge

2013

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Prior knowledge of the likely or expected outcome of a forensic investigation has been shown to produce biases in results obtained, reducing objectivity within the forensic sciences. The wide prevalence of such cognitive biases has long been recognised by social psychologists, but its significance is only now gaining appreciation within forensic science communities. It is therefore timely to draw attention to the power of cognitive biases found in a study of the influence of administrator expectations on photographic identifications. Data are presented to show that when a line-up administrator knows the identity and position of a target within a line-up that target is more than twice as likely to be selected compared with when the administrator is kept 'blind'. These findings, taken together with related studies, support the recommendation that all forensic analyses are made 'double-blind'-a method that has proven to be effective at reducing such effects within the social science literature.

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Section: The Pertinence Of Cognitive Bias To the Forensic And Investimentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive bias in line-up identifications: The impact of administrator knowledge

2013

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“…Unfortunately, while appropriate adults often provide important welfare protections for children and young people, a downside for the young detainee can be having to wait for them to attend at the police station. In one study, for example, while half of the appropriate adults appeared within one hour, 21% took two or more hours to attend (Phillips and Brown, 1998). 18 More recently, Pierpoint (2008) noted that appropriate adult services provided by voluntary schemes seemed to be quicker than parents or professional services.…”

Section: The Role Of Appropriate Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Phillips' and Brown's (1998) study of 1993/4 custody records found that juveniles requested advice at a lower rate than adults (33% compared to 39%). However, they suggested that the lower take-up of legal advice was due to juveniles being dealt with for less serious offences than adults.…”

Section: Marks the 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Children, Young People and Requests for Police Station Legal Advice: 25 years on from PACE

Kemp

Pleasence²,

Balmer³

2011

Youth Justice

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Informed by data extracted from 30,921 police electronic custody records, drawn from 44 police stations across four police force areas and including 5,153 records of juveniles aged 10 to 17 years, this article examines the take-up of legal advice by children and young people in police stations in England and Wales. There are wide variations in the extent to which juveniles request and receive legal advice when compared to adults but also between juveniles of different ages. Such variations are explored both in relation to the age of detainees and the type and seriousness of offence and case disposal. Also examined are variations based on different police force areas. The implications emanating from children's differential access to legal advice at police stations are considered in relation to children's rights.

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“…Considerable research has centred upon the implementation and efficacy of Code C of the 1984 Police and Criminal Evidence Act (Bean & Nemitz, 1994;Bradley, 2009;Brown, Ellis, & Larcombe, 1992;Bucke & Brown, 1997;Gudjonsson et al, 1993;Irving & McKenzie, 1989;Medford, Gudjonsson, & Pearse, 2003;NAAN, 2015;Palmer & Hart, 1996;Phillips & Brown, 1998). The Codes of Practice document the role and use of an "Appropriate Adult" (AA) to support the welfare and legal rights of the detained mentally disordered/vulnerable detainee (Code C: Home Office, 2014).…”

Section: Police and Mental Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policing, Crime and Mental Illness in England and Wales: Insights from the Literature

Kitt¹,

Rogers²

2017

RES

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Mental illness pervades most societies, but it is only recently that its impact and effects upon individuals has slowly been recognised in England and Wales. When people suffering from this illness become involved with various public agencies, the way they are dealt with appears inconsistent and on occasions ends in tragedy. One agency that is constantly in contact with people who suffer mental health illness is the police service. Some high profile cases have clearly illustrated misunderstandings and the fact that the police are not generally equipped to deal with such individuals. This article considers a brief history and theoretical backcloth to police understanding and framing of mental illness in England and Wales, and explores the National Liaison and Diversion Model as an alternative to traditional police understanding and response. The article suggests that only by understanding the historical context, and literature, surrounding mental illness, can improvements be made in the criminal justice system as a whole and within the police service in particular.

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Entry into the criminal justice system: A survey of police arrests and their outcomes: Home Office research study 185

Cited by 53 publications

References 14 publications

Cognitive bias in line-up identifications: The impact of administrator knowledge

Cognitive bias in line-up identifications: The impact of administrator knowledge

Children, Young People and Requests for Police Station Legal Advice: 25 years on from PACE

Policing, Crime and Mental Illness in England and Wales: Insights from the Literature

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