“…In the 19th century, Carnot and Clausius diversified the concept of entropy into three main directions—entropy associated with heat engines (where it behaves similar to a thermal charge), statistical entropy, and (according to Boltzmann and Shannon) entropy in communications channels and information security. Thus, the theory of entropy plays a key role in mathematics, statistics, dynamical systems (where complexity is mostly measured by entropy), information theory [ 1 ], chemistry [ 2 ], and physics [ 3 ] (see also [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]).…”