Entropy Generation in MHD Second-Grade Nanofluid Thin Film Flow Containing CNTs with Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux Model Past an Unsteady Stretching Sheet

Abstract

Entropy generation plays a significant role in several complex processes, extending from cosmology to biology. The entropy generation minimization procedure can be applied for the optimization of mechanical systems including heat exchangers, elements of nuclear and thermal power plants, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. In order to present our analysis, entropy generation in a thin film flow of second grade nanofluid holding single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model is studied in this article. The flow is considered passing a linearly extending surface. A variable magnetic field with aligned angle ε is functioned along the extending sheet. With the aid of the homotopy analysis method (HAM), the fluid flow model is elucidated. The impressions of embedded factors on the flow are obtainable through figures and discussed in detail. It is observed that the velocity profile escalated with the increasing values of volume fraction of nanoparticles and second grade fluid parameter. The higher values of volume fraction of nanoparticles, second grade fluid parameter, non-linear heat source/sink, and thermal radiation parameter intensified the temperature profile. Surface drag force escalated with heightening values of nanoparticles volume fraction, unsteadiness, film thickness, magnetic, and second grade fluid parameters. Entropy generation increased with enhancing values of magnetic parameter, Brinkman number, and Reynolds number.Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 2720 2 of 21 lubricating grease for seals, development of electronic chips and endoscopy scanning etc [1]. Initially, the thin film flow over an extending sheet was discussed by Wang [2,3]. Using similarity transformation, the reduced momentum equations to ordinary differential equation which was nonlinear governed by a no dimensional unstable parameter. Numerical and asymptotic techniques were used for solution. Further, Andersson et al. [4] advanced the idea of Wang towards the analysis of heat transfer. The research of thermally and electrically conductive thin film flow with heat transfer was further extended by Lue and Andersson [5]. Abel et al. [6] extended and modified the same idea of thin film flow analysis with viscous and joule dissipation impacts. Electrically and thermally conducting thin film flow of viscous fluid is modelled and studied mathematically in their work. Numerical method is used and impact of physical parameters is discussed briefly. Noor et al. [7] examined the thermal transmission scrutiny in a thin film over extending surface. Analytical approached is used for model nonlinear equations. Aziz et al. [8] studied thin film flow in the presence of heat generation process over a time dependent stretching surface. In their work, they used analytical technique for solution of the problem and important parameters are discussed in detail.Non-Newtonian thin film fluids have been a key area of research in different fields due to their vast applications in the fields of ...

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