Entropy analysis of hydrogen production in electrolytic processes

Chmielniak, T.; Remiorz, Leszek

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.118468

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Green hydrogen is produced via the process of water electrolysis, using only electricity from renewable energy sources. The electrolysis process can split water into hydrogen and oxygen molecules [22]. Electrolysis requires both water and electricity.…”

Section: Green Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Polish Solar-to-Hydrogen Pathway Green? A Carbon Footprint of AEM Electrolysis Hydrogen Based on an LCA

Pawłowski

Żelazna

Żak³

2023

Energies

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Efforts to direct the economies of many countries towards low-carbon economies are being made in order to reduce their impact on global climate change. Within this process, replacing fossil fuels with hydrogen will play an important role in the sectors where electrification is difficult or technically and economically ineffective. Hydrogen may also play a critical role in renewable energy storage processes. Thus, the global hydrogen demand is expected to rise more than five times by 2050, while in the European Union, a seven-fold rise in this field is expected. Apart from many technical and legislative barriers, the environmental impact of hydrogen production is a key issue, especially in the case of new and developing technologies. Focusing on the various pathways of hydrogen production, the essential problem is to evaluate the related emissions through GHG accounting, considering the life cycle of a plant in order to compare the technologies effectively. Anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis is one of the newest technologies in this field, with no LCA studies covering its full operation. Thus, this study is focused on a calculation of the carbon footprint and economic indicators of a green hydrogen plant on the basis of a life cycle assessment, including the concept of a solar-to-hydrogen plant with AEM electrolyzers operating under Polish climate conditions. The authors set the range of the GWP indicators as 2.73–4.34 kgCO2eq for a plant using AEM electrolysis, which confirmed the relatively low emissivity of hydrogen from solar energy, also in relation to this innovative technology. The economic profitability of the investment depends on external subsidies, because, as developing technology, the AEM electrolysis of green hydrogen from photovoltaics is still uncompetitive in terms of its cost without this type of support.

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Section: Green Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Polish Solar-to-Hydrogen Pathway Green? A Carbon Footprint of AEM Electrolysis Hydrogen Based on an LCA

Pawłowski

Żelazna

Żak³

2023

Energies

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“…Hydrogen is predominantly produced by reforming fossil fuels (mainly natural gas) [1,2]. The production capacity of pure hydrogen is small, with blue hydrogen production capacity less than 1% and green hydrogen production capacity less than 0.1% [17].…”

Section: Hydrogen Demand and Production In Europe And Polandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last few years, there has been a significant increase in the interest in hydrogen as an energy carrier. The development of hydrogen technologies and the hydrogen economy will make it possible to solve the three main challenges facing the global energy sector [1][2][3]: the need to meet the growing demand for clean gaseous and liquid fuels and electricity; the need to increase the efficiency of fuel and energy production; and reducing the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere, including greenhouse gas emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Polish Hydrogen Strategy in the Context of the EU’s Strategic Documents on Hydrogen

Gawlik

Mokrzycki

2021

Energies

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In December 2019, the European Commission unveiled an ambitious project, the European Green Deal, which aims to lead the European Union to climate neutrality by 2050. This is a significant challenge for all EU countries, and especially for Poland. The role of hydrogen in the processes of decarbonization of the economy and transport is being discussed in many countries around the world to find rational solutions to this difficult and complex problem. There is an ongoing discussion about the hydrogen economy, which covers the production of hydrogen, its storage, transport, and conversion to the desired forms of energy, primarily electricity, mechanical energy, and new fuels. The development of the hydrogen economy can significantly support the achievement of climate neutrality. The belief that hydrogen plays an important role in the transformation of the energy sector is widespread. There are many technical and economic challenges, as well as legal and logistical barriers to deal with in the transition process. The development of hydrogen technologies and a global sustainable energy system that uses hydrogen offers a real opportunity to solve the challenges facing the global energy industry: meeting the need for clean fuels, increasing the efficiency of fuel and energy production, and significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The paper provides an in-depth analysis of the Polish Hydrogen Strategy, a document that sets out the directions for the development of hydrogen use (competences and technologies) in the energy, transport, and industrial sectors. This analysis is presented against the background of the European Commission’s document ‘A Hydrogen Strategy for a Climate-Neutral Europe’. The draft project presented is a good basis for further discussion on the directions of development of the Polish economy. The Polish Hydrogen Strategy, although it was created later than the EU document, does not fully follow its guidelines. The directions for further work on the hydrogen strategy are indicated so that its final version can become a driving force for the development of the country’s economy.

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“…on the electrical performance of the electrolyzer to explore better control strategies. [16][17][18] In order to further explore the characteristic between electrochemical performance and heat and mass transport in the electrolyzer, more complicated twodimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models were established. Aubras et al 8 developed a 2D, twophase PEM water electrolyzer model, and found that the coalesced phenomenon is associated with the improvement of mass transfer, a decrease in ohmic resistance, and an enhancement of the electrolyzer efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D two‐phase and non‐isothermal modeling for PEM water electrolyzer: Heat and mass transfer characteristic investigation

Zhou

Meng

Chen

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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A three-dimensional, two-phase, non-isothermal proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer model was developed, aiming to reveal water and heat distribution characteristics and to explore the effects of various parameters on heat and mass transfer and performance of the electrolyzer. The results show that the electrolyzer performance depends on the combined effect of heat and mass, especially at high voltages. Although increasing the inlet velocity can accelerate the discharge of bubbles, it causes a larger temperature drop which degrades the performance. Increasing the inlet temperature can effectively improve the kinetic reaction rate of the catalyst layer and reduce the ohmic resistance of the membrane, which promotes the performance improvement. Decreasing the contact angle of anode gas diffusion layer (A-GDL) and increasing its porosity is beneficial to the transport of liquid water and improves the performance, but excessive porosity leads to a rapid increase in the ohmic resistance of A-GDL, and the optimal porosity range is 0.5 to 0.6. In addition, changes in A-GDL porosity and contact angle have little effect on temperature. Decreasing the thickness of the membrane can significantly improve the performance, but accelerate the increase of the membrane temperature at high voltage.

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Entropy analysis of hydrogen production in electrolytic processes

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Is the Polish Solar-to-Hydrogen Pathway Green? A Carbon Footprint of AEM Electrolysis Hydrogen Based on an LCA

Is the Polish Solar-to-Hydrogen Pathway Green? A Carbon Footprint of AEM Electrolysis Hydrogen Based on an LCA

Analysis of the Polish Hydrogen Strategy in the Context of the EU’s Strategic Documents on Hydrogen

3D two‐phase and non‐isothermal modeling for PEM water electrolyzer: Heat and mass transfer characteristic investigation

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