Entrepreneurship in the Public and Nonprofit Sectors

Public Sector Entrepreneurship

“…This change has been embedded into a revised version of the program which is now under evaluation. This example demonstrates that innovation and entrepreneurship are highly related, and innovation can occur through entrepreneurial action and behavior (Audretsch and Link 2019;Hayter et al 2018;Leyden and Link 2015;Leyden 2016).…”

“…Studies on entrepreneurship, including the private sector (the most studied), the public sector, and the nonprofit sector, focus on three views: organization, such as type and age of the organization; behavior, such as individuals' and organizations' tendency to search and explore opportunities, their innovativeness, risk-taking, and pro-activeness; and performance such as whether entrepreneurship activities (entrepreneurship behavior) increase the tendency to survive to prosper and perform well Link 2018, 2019;Audretsch et al 2020;Leyden and Link 2015). Similar to private and corporate entrepreneurship, PSE occurs in all levels of an organizationindividual level, organizational level, and interorganizational level.…”

“…Similar to private and corporate entrepreneurship, PSE occurs in all levels of an organizationindividual level, organizational level, and interorganizational level. According to Audretsch et al (2020), the second view (behavior) is most relevant to entrepreneurship scholarship from a management and business perspective since both, individuals' and organizations', behavior, influences capability building of an organization and vice versa.…”

“…While entrepreneurship in the private sector typically focuses on maximizing profit, increase stakeholder shares, and extend the firms' product and services, PSEs have broader social goal including regional or national economic development, solving social problems, and dealing with grand challenges such as poverty, migration, along with the sustainability of the organization and its resources (Itami and Roehl 1987;Klein et al 2013). Therefore, PSE can help governments reduce market failures with innovative and creative solutions (Audretsch et al 2020). Political leaders are interested in promoting PSE because doing so can increase governments' performance (Moon 1999).…”

Entrepreneurial Finance: Research, Practice, and Policy for Post-Covid-19 Economic Recovery

“…Potential research includes the following: How has the COVID-19 pandemic changed developing, transitioning, and emerging countries' government priorities for economic, social, and environmental goals? Considering entrepreneurship in the public and non-profit sectors (e.g., Audretsch et al 2020), which post-COVID-19 government policies are most effective in generating economic growth, while not sacrificing environmental sustainability?…”