Entrepreneurship and Multinational Subsidiaries’ Performance in an Era of Financial Crisis and Economic Uncertainty

The Impact of Governance Quality on Subsidiaries’ Performance: A Survey Analysis from Turkey

“…In general, financial indicators are favorable constructs for evaluating firm performance (e.g. Lu and Beamish 2001;Manolopoulos 2018) and annual turnover is frequently regarded as a key indicator of firm success. In order to sort the performance levels of subsidiaries, a four-point Likert-type scale was prepared, where the scale value "4" indicates an annual turnover over $US 50 million, "3" between $US 11 and $US 50 million, "2" between $US10 and $US 1 million, and the scale value "1" indicates an annual turnover of the firm less than $US 1 million.…”

Foreign ownership and domestic cooperation for innovation during good and harsh economic times

“…An analysis of Japanese electronics firms concludes that R&D alliances displayed little, if any, counter-cyclical tendency over several crises of the 1980s and the 1990s (Lincoln et al, 2017). On analysing Spanish companies clustered in an industrial district, Concerning, specifically, multinationals, the emerging field of MNE resilience has largely focused on the effect of downturns on the financial performance of these companies, and not on their innovative performance (Fainshmidt et al, 2017;Manolopoulos, 2018). However, a few studies in the field of innovative resilience take into account the specific technological strategy of MNEs during the 2008 crisis.…”