Entrance skin exposure and mean glandular dose: effect of scatter and field gradient at mammography.

Ng, K H; Aus, R J; DeWerd, Larry A.; Vetter, John

doi:10.1148/radiology.205.2.9356619

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…As a result, scatter in mammography and methods of reducing its effects have been studied by several authors. 4,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The first step in reducing the effects of scatter is to understand the nature of scatter and its resulting image signal. Heretofore, the classic beam stop technique was used to quantify the magnitude of scatter relative to primary radiation, and various theoretical and semi-empirical methods were used to separate the distribution of scatter and primary radiation signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An edge spread technique for measurement of the scatter‐to‐primary ratio in mammography

et al. 2000

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An experimental measurement technique that directly measures the magnitude and spatial distribution of scatter in relation to primary radiation is presented in this work. The technique involves the acquisition of magnified edge spread function (ESF) images with and without scattering material present. The ESFs are normalized and subtracted to yield scatter-to-primary ratios (SPRs), along with the spatial distributions of scatter and primary radiation. Mammography is used as the modality to demonstrate the ESF method, which is applicable to all radiographic environments. Sets of three images were acquired with a modified clinical mammography system employing a flat panel detector for 2, 4, 6, and 8 cm thick breast tissue equivalent material phantoms composed of 0%, 43%, and 100% glandular tissue at four different kV settings. Beam stop measurements of scatter were used to validate the ESF methodology. There was good agreement of the mean SPRs between the beam stop and ESF methods. There was good precision in the ESF-determined SPRs with a coefficient of variation on the order of 5%. SPRs ranged from 0.2 to 2.0 and were effectively independent of energy for clinically realistic kVps. The measured SPRs for 2, 4, and 6 cm 0% glandular phantoms imaged at 28 kV were 0.21+/-0.01, 0.39+/-0.01, and 0.57+/-0.02, respectively. The measured SPRs for 2, 4, and 6 cm 43% glandular phantoms imaged at 28 kV were 0.20+/-0.01, 0.35+/-0.02, and 0.53+/-0.02, respectively. The measured SPRs for 2, 4, and 6 cm 100% glandular phantoms imaged at 28 kV were 0.22+/-0.02, 0.42+/-0.03, and 0.88+/-0.08, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An edge spread technique for measurement of the scatter‐to‐primary ratio in mammography

et al. 2000

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“…The assessment of radiation dose to the breast during mammography has been of interest to many investigators (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Over the years, the normalized glandular dose (D gN ) has come to serve as the benchmark parameter, useful for calculating the glandular dose in clinical mammography.…”

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confidence: 99%

Glandular Breast Dose for Monoenergetic and High-Energy X-ray Beams: Monte Carlo Assessment

Boone¹

1999

Radiology

258

304

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“…However, this value is lower for the SStDs by a few percent than for traditional IC measurements because the SStDs are not nearly as affected by scatter from the paddle. This situation is likely to be related to measurements made with the instrument adjacent to the mammography phantom, as well, as shown in Ng et al, 21 but the scope of this study does not include such a comparison.…”

Section: C Ak and Effects Of Scatter On Ak Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Solid‐state dosimeters: A new approach for mammography measurements

Brateman

Heintz

2015

Medical Physics

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This study revealed that SStD measurements yielded good agreement with set kVp, poor agreement with standard HVL determinations, and AK measurements that were substantially different from IC measurements. Discrepancies are partly related to the scattered radiation measured by ICs in determining AK. As a result, IC measurements required for AGD, using currently accepted methodology, typically result in higher AGDs than SStDs, because current methodologies do not account for differing instrument responses to scatter. HVLs reported by SStDs contribute to discrepancies in calculated AGD that depend on kVp and TF. Medical physicists are encouraged to compare their results for SStD instruments using a similar methodology for potential discrepancies with their traditional instruments.

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Entrance skin exposure and mean glandular dose: effect of scatter and field gradient at mammography.

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

An edge spread technique for measurement of the scatter‐to‐primary ratio in mammography

An edge spread technique for measurement of the scatter‐to‐primary ratio in mammography

Glandular Breast Dose for Monoenergetic and High-Energy X-ray Beams: Monte Carlo Assessment

Solid‐state dosimeters: A new approach for mammography measurements

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