Glandular Breast Dose for Monoenergetic and High-Energy X-ray Beams: Monte Carlo Assessment

Boone, John M.

doi:10.1148/radiology.213.1.r99oc3923

Cited by 258 publications

(358 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Prior studies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] on Monte Carlo-based estimation of normalized glandular dose coefficients for mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis assume the breast skin thickness to be 4-5 mm. The range of breast skin thickness estimated from mammography has been reported as 0.5-1.5 mm by Witten, 8 0.5-2.0 mm by Hoeffken and Lanyi, 9 0.8-3.0 mm by Willson et al, 10 0.5-2.7 mm by Pope et al, 11 and 0.5-3.1 mm by Ulger et al 12 Recently, Huang et al 13 determined the breast skin thickness using dedicated breast CT and investigated its impact on mammographic dosimetry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Note: Skin thickness measurements using high‐resolution flat‐panel cone‐beam dedicated breast CTa)

Shi¹,

Vedantham²,

Karellas³

et al. 2013

Medical Physics

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Purpose: To determine the mean and range of location-averaged breast skin thickness using highresolution dedicated breast CT for use in Monte Carlo-based estimation of normalized glandular dose coefficients. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed image data from a clinical study investigating dedicated breast CT. An algorithm similar to that described by Huang et al. ["The effect of skin thickness determined using breast CT on mammographic dosimetry," Med. Phys. 35(4), 1199-1206 (2008)] was used to determine the skin thickness in 137 dedicated breast CT volumes from 136 women. The location-averaged mean breast skin thickness for each breast was estimated and the study population mean and range were determined. Pathology results were available for 132 women, and were used to investigate if the distribution of location-averaged mean breast skin thickness varied with pathology. The effect of surface fitting to account for breast curvature was also studied. Results: The study mean (± interbreast SD) for breast skin thickness was 1.44 ± 0.25 mm (range: 0.87-2.34 mm), which was in excellent agreement with Huang et al. Based on pathology, pair-wise statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney test) indicated that at the 0.05 significance level, there were no significant difference in the location-averaged mean breast skin thickness distributions between the groups: benign vs malignant (p = 0.223), benign vs hyperplasia (p = 0.651), hyperplasia vs malignant (p = 0.229), and malignant vs nonmalignant (p = 0.172). Conclusions: Considering this study used a different clinical prototype system, and the study participants were from a different geographical location, the observed agreement between the two studies suggests that the choice of 1.45 mm thick skin layer comprising the epidermis and the dermis for breast dosimetry is appropriate. While some benign and malignant conditions could cause skin thickening, in this study cohort the location-averaged mean breast skin thickness distributions did not differ significantly with pathology. The study also underscored the importance of considering breast curvature in estimating breast skin thickness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Note: Skin thickness measurements using high‐resolution flat‐panel cone‐beam dedicated breast CTa)

Shi¹,

Vedantham²,

Karellas³

et al. 2013

Medical Physics

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“…For each of these energies,

{normalD}_{normalg}

N(E) values were obtained for breasts simulated to be in the CC and MLO views and with varying tomosynthesis projection angles (

α = 0^{0}

\pm 30^{0}

in 3° steps), breast composition (

G = 1 %

, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% glandular fraction), breast chest wall to nipple distance (

CND = 7

, 10, 13, 16 and 19 cm (MLO) and

CND = 6.2

, 9.0, 11.6, 14.4 and 17.0 cm (CC)), and compressed breast thickness (

T = 2

cm to 8 cm in 1 cm steps). The computation of

{normalD}_{normalg}

N(E) in the Monte Carlo simulation was performed using the method described by Boone (17) and Wilkinson and Heggie (18) . These monochromatic results were combined to obtain spectral

{normalD}_{normalg}

N values for several different x‐ray spectra generated by molybdenum and rhodium targets using the method described by Thacker and Glick (19) and the x‐ray spectra models published by Boone et al (20) For our study, the same monochromatic

{normalD}_{normalg}

N(E) were combined using the same methodology with several x‐ray spectra with tungsten targets, using the models published by Boone et al (20) The x‐ray spectra used, along with their resulting first half value layers are listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glandular radiation dose in tomosynthesis of the breast using tungsten targets

Sechopoulos

D’Orsi

2008

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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With the advent of new detector technology, digital tomosynthesis imaging of the breast has, in the past few years, become a technique intensely investigated as a replacement for planar mammography. As with all other x‐ray–based imaging methods, radiation dose is of utmost concern in the development of this new imaging technology. For virtually all development and optimization studies, knowledge of the radiation dose involved in an imaging protocol is necessary. A previous study characterized the normalized glandular dose in tomosynthesis imaging and its variation with various breast and imaging system parameters. This characterization was performed with x‐ray spectra generated by molybdenum and rhodium targets. In the recent past, many preliminary patient studies of tomosynthesis imaging have been reported in which the x‐ray spectra were generated with x‐ray tubes with tungsten targets. The differences in x‐ray distribution among spectra from these target materials make the computation of new normalized glandular dose values for tungsten target spectra necessary. In this study we used previously obtained monochromatic normalized glandular dose results to obtain spectral results for twelve different tungsten target x‐ray spectra. For each imaging condition, two separate values were computed: the normalized glandular dose for the zero degree projection angle (normalDnormalgnormalN0), and the ratio of the glandular dose for non‐zero projection angles to the glandular dose for the zero degree projection (the relative glandular dose, RGD(α)). It was found that normalDnormalgnormalN0 is higher for tungsten target x‐ray spectra when compared with normalDnormalgnormalN0 values for molybdenum and rhodium target spectra of both equivalent tube voltage and first half value layer. Therefore, the normalDnormalgnormalN0 for the twelve tungsten target x‐ray spectra and different breast compositions and compressed breast thicknesses simulated are reported. The RGD(α) values for the tungsten spectra vary with the parameters studied in a similar manner to that found for the molybdenum and rhodium target spectra. The surface fit equations and the fit coefficients for RGD(α) included in the previous study were also found to be appropriate for the tungsten spectra.PACS numbers: 87.57.uq

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“…The factor s corrects for X-ray spectral differences arising from the use of alternative target/filter combinations (Dance et al, 1999;Boone, 1999, Mariana et al, 2015. The assumption of 50% granularity is approximately correct for breast thickness of 4-6 cm.…”

Section: Agd = K× C× G× S (1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Assessment and Measurements of Mammographic Glandular Dose Using 8000 NERO-mAx and Radcal Acuu-pro X-ray Test Devices

Nassef¹

2017

Int.J.Curr.Res.Aca.Rev.

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Article InfoIn the present study, a non invasive X-ray test device (8000 Victoreen NERO mAx), and radiation monitor controller (RADCAL-9010) system used to measure the Breast Entrance Dose (BED) in mammographic projection at King Abdulazaiz University Hospital (KAUH), Saudi Arabia. The age distribution and the compressed breast thickness (CBT) of the patients determined based on the information survey from the radiology department logbook. The Average Glandular Dose (AGD) calculated based on the value of the entrance dose and some other imaging technique factors. The X-ray quality control tests were evaluated for beam quality assessment, tube potential accuracy, time accuracy, and reproducibility according to the American College of Radiology (ACR) protocol for the quality control of the mammography imaging technique (Code of practice-TRS 457). The results showed that, good correlation was found between the results obtained from the above mentioned dosemetric systems. The calculated AGD found lower than the international recommended value (3.0 mGy). Also the results give acceptable levels for patient absorbed dose and safety.

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Glandular Breast Dose for Monoenergetic and High-Energy X-ray Beams: Monte Carlo Assessment

Abstract: The tables and graphs may be useful for optimizing mammographic procedures. The higher energy data may be useful for investigations of the potential of dual-energy mammography or for calculation of dose in general diagnostic or computed tomographic procedures.

Cited by 258 publications

References 28 publications

Technical Note: Skin thickness measurements using high‐resolution flat‐panel cone‐beam dedicated breast CTa)

Technical Note: Skin thickness measurements using high‐resolution flat‐panel cone‐beam dedicated breast CTa)

Glandular radiation dose in tomosynthesis of the breast using tungsten targets

Performance Assessment and Measurements of Mammographic Glandular Dose Using 8000 NERO-mAx and Radcal Acuu-pro X-ray Test Devices

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