Enterovirus Survey in Children after Mass Vaccination with Live Attenuated Polioviruses

Abstract

In Hungary three campaigns of oral immunization with Sabin's attenuated poliovirus strains were carried out in the period November, 1959, to June, 1960. (1) During November and December, 1959, the children aged 3 months to 14 years were twice fed with the trivalent vaccine in a single county (Gyor-Sopron county). (2) During December, 1959, to February, 1960, the children of the same ages were immunized in the whole country separately with types 1, 3, and 2 at monthly intervals. (3) The children who had escaped vaccination and the infants born between September 1, 1959, and February 29, 1960, were twice fed with the trivalent vaccine during May and June, 1960. The results of the serological and virological examinations carried out in several laboratories of specimens collected during the above campaigns were favourable (Weissfeiler, 1961). In this paper we present further data on the effectiveness of the mass oral vaccinations. The enterovirus excretion of the youngest healthy children was tested during the summer and early autumn of 1960-that is, during the season when the excretion rate of enteroviruses is usually the highest. We wished to see whether polioviruses were circulating in the population. In addition, the immune status of young children was examined six to eight months after vaccination. Materials and Methods Speciments.-Faecal samples were collected during August 24-31 and during October 26-31, 1960. The serum samples were collected during August 24-31. The samplings were organized by the local Public Health and Epidemiological Stations as ordered by the Ministry of Health according to a plan proposed by us. The specimens were sent in by ordinary mail. In August 300 healthy children aged 11 months to 4 years were tested. The children live in 10 counties (Baranya,

A survey of enteroviruses and adenoviruses in the faeces of normal children aged 0–4 years: A report of the Public Health Laboratory Service and the Society of Medical Officers of Health

“…The geographical distribution of the viruses isolated (Table 4) confirms the findings of previous studies that their prevalence varies between areas (Gelfand, 1961;Domok et al 1962). Interference between poliovirus and Coxsackie B virus was demonstrated by Dalldorf & Albrecht (1955), but in this survey there did not appear to be any relation between the isolation rates of these two viruses either geographically or in time.…”

Containment of Polioviruses After Eradication and OPV Cessation: Characterizing Risks to Improve Management

“…In temperate climates and/or populations with high levels of immunity, Sabin strains generally disappear from circulation within three to six months after pulse OPV vaccination ( 44,126,127,176,191 ) or removal of OPV from the environment. ( 88 ) However, outbreaks of circulating cVDPV ( 30,31,102,231 ) suggest that in some populations with low immunity and no WPV circulation, VDPV could persist indefinitely.…”

Molecular characterization of poliovirus isolates from children who contracted vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) following administration of monovalent type 3 oral poliovirus vaccine in the 1960s in Hungary

“…Virus isolation was performed in primary rhesus monkey kidney (Melnick et al, 1972;Melnick & Wimberly, 1985) and with monovalent type 3 antisera, intratypic serodifferentiation, and characterization of phenotypic markers (McBride, 1959;Nakano et al, 1966) were originally performed in the laboratory of Prof. I. Dömök (Domok et al, 1961(Domok et al, , 1962Dömök, 1971Dömök, , 1984Kátay, 1961). For molecular characterization, isolates (second or third passage in primary monkey kidney cells) were passaged at 37 1C once in L20B (mouse L cells expressing the human poliovirus receptor) and again in RD cells (human rhabdomyosarcoma ATCC CCL 136) to produce high-titer cultures (Pipkin et al, 1993;Wimmer et al, 1993).…”

“…Children 2-38 months of age were immunized from December 1959 up to 1992 in mass campaigns. Six weeks elapsed between administration of the individual monovalent doses (Domok et al, 1961(Domok et al, , 1962Fornosi & Talos, 1964-1965Dömök, 1971;Evans et al, 1985). There were two exceptions.…”