Enterovirus serotypes in patients with central nervous system and respiratory infections in Viet Nam 1997–2010

Abstract

BackgroundEnteroviruses are the most common causative agents of human illness. Enteroviruses have been associated with regional and global epidemics, recently, including with severe disease (Enterovirus A71 and D68), and are of interest as emerging viruses. Here, we typed Enterovirus A-D (EV) from central nervous system (CNS) and respiratory infections in Viet Nam.MethodsData and specimens from prospective observational clinical studies conducted between 1997 and 2010 were used. Species and serotypes were determined using type-specific RT-PCR and viral protein 1 or 4 (VP1, VP4) sequencing.ResultsSamples from patients with CNS infection (51 children – 10 CSF and 41 respiratory/rectal swabs) and 28 adults (28 CSF) and respiratory infection (124 children – 124 respiratory swabs) were analysed. Twenty-six different serotypes of the four Enterovirus species (A-D) were identified, including EV-A71 and EV-D68. Enterovirus B was associated with viral meningitis in children and adults. Hand, foot and mouth disease associated Enteroviruses A (EV-A71 and Coxsackievirus [CV] A10) were detected in children with encephalitis. Diverse serotypes of all four Enterovirus species were found in respiratory samples, including 2 polio-vaccine viruses, but also 8 CV-A24 and 8 EV-D68. With the exception of EV-D68, the relevance of these viruses in respiratory infection remains unknown.ConclusionWe describe the diverse spectrum of enteroviruses from patients with CNS and respiratory infections in Viet Nam between 1997 and 2010. These data confirm the global circulation of Enterovirus genera and their associations and are important for clinical diagnostics, patient management, and outbreak response.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-0980-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Enterovirus and Encephalitis

“…Serotype CNS symptoms References Huang Y. et al, 2015;Mao et al, 2016;B'Krong et al, 2018;Suresh et al, 2018;Ramalho et al, 2019 EV CV-A16 E/M/AFP Goto et al, 2009;Xu et al, 2012;Huang Y. et al, 2015;Holmes et al, 2016;Suresh et al, 2018 B CV-A9 E/M/AFP Holmes et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2017;B'Krong et al, 2018;Suresh et al, 2018;Ramalho et al, 2019;Sun et al, 2019 CV-B1 E/M/AFP Holmes et al, 2016;B'Krong et al, 2018;Suresh et al, 2018;Fan and Liu, 2019;Ramalho et al, 2019;Sun et al, 2019 CV-B2 E/M/AFP Holmes et al, 2016;B'Krong et al, 2018;Suresh et al, 2018;Fan and Liu, 2019;Ramalho et al, 2019 CV-B3 E/M/AFP Holmes et al, 2016;Mao et al, 2016;Mao et al, 2018;Suresh et al, 2018;Fan and Liu, 2019;Ramalho et al, 2019;Sun et al, 2019 CV-B4 E/M/AFP Holmes et al, 2016;Mao et al, 2016;B'Krong et al, 2018;Mao et al, 2018;Suresh et al, 2018;Sun et al, 2019 CV-B5 E/M/AFP Holmes et al, 2016;Mao et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2017;…”

“…Non-polio enteroviruses are also known to infect the CNS and account for the majority of recent enteroviral infections with neurological disorders. Among the non-polio enteroviruses, the species Enterovirus A like enterovirus 71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6), and CV-A16 (Goto et al, 2009;Xu et al, 2012;Huang Y. et al, 2015;Holmes et al, 2016;B'Krong et al, 2018;Suresh et al, 2018), the species Enterovirus B like CV-B1 (Sun et al, 2019), CV-B3 (Fan and Liu, 2019), CV-B5 (Mao et al, 2018), CV-A9, Echovirus 6 (E-6), E-7, E-11, and E-13 (Holmes et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2017;B'Krong et al, 2018;Suresh et al, 2018;Chen et al, 2019;Ramalho et al, 2019;Sun et al, 2019), the species Enterovirus C like CV-A24 (Tapparel et al, 2013;B'Krong et al, 2018;Suresh et al, 2018), and the species Enterovirus D like EV-D68 (Tapparel et al, 2013;Messacar et al, 2018) have been shown to involve the CNS and cause diverse neurological complications such as encephalitis, meningitis and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) (Tapparel et al, 2013) (see Table 1 for details).…”

“…Holmes et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2017;B'Krong et al, 2018;Suresh et al, 2018;Ramalho et al, 2019; Sun et al, 2019 E-7 E/M/AFPTapparel et al, 2013;Holmes et al, 2016;Suresh et al, 2018;Ramalho et al., 2019 E-9 E/M/AFP Holmes et al, 2016; B'Krong et al, 2018; Suresh et al, 2018; Ramalho et al, 2019; Sun et al, 2019 E-11 E/M/AFP Holmes et al, 2016; Suresh et al, 2018; Ramalho et al, 2019; Sun et al, 2019 E-12 M/AFP Tapparel et al, 2013; B'Krong et al, 2018; Suresh et al, 2018 E-13 E/M/AFP Tapparel et al, 2013; Holmes et al, 2016; Suresh et al, 2018; Ramalho et al, 2019 E-14 E/M/AFP Chen et al, 2017; Suresh et al, 2018; Ramalho et al, 2019; Sun et al, 2019 E-15 M/AFP Suresh et al, 2018; Ramalho et al, 2019 E-16 E/M/AFPHolmes et al, 2016;B'Krong et al, 2018;Suresh et al, 2018;Sun et al, 2019 E-17 E/M/AFPTapparel et al, 2013;Holmes et al, 2016;Suresh et al, 2018 E-18 E/M/AFPHolmes et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2017;B'Krong et al, 2018;Suresh et al, 2018;Chen et al, 2019; Ramalho et al., 2016;B'Krong et al, 2018;Suresh et al, 2018;Ramalho et al, 2019;Sun et al…”

Enterovirus infection in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

“…Алгоритм молекулярно-генетических и вирусологических исследований, проводимых при выявлении энтеровирусов у больных с клиникой HFMD и идентификации типа/генотипа вируса, представлен на рисунке 2. В то же время в ряде научных публикаций представлены результаты исследований по детекции энтеровирусов у больных с респираторными заболеваниями и нейроинфекциями [7,10,11,20,30,32].…”

Onychomadesis (Nails Shedding) Secondary to Enterovirus Herpangina Like Infection and Without the Skin Manifestations of Hand Foot Mouth Disease

“…Both herpangina and HFMD are highly contagious infections, usually self-limiting but rarely may cause serious cardiac and neurological complications [8]. Humans are the only natural host of these viruses [9]. It is therefore both HFMD and herpangina need to be sought in the history of patients presented with onychomadesis.…”