Enteropathogens and risk factors for diarrhea in Norwegian dairy calves

Gulliksen, Stine Margrethe; Jor, E.; Lie, Kai-Inge; Hamnes, Inger Sofie; Løken, T.; Åkerstedt, Johan; Østerås, Olav

doi:10.3168/jds.2009-2080

Cited by 124 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…calculated on the basis of age, sex, season and location were more or less similar with the findings of Baule et al, 1997;Khan et al, 2009. On the basis of information from the cattle owners and clinical signs, the prevalence of diarrhoea was recorded as 30.99% which showed more or less similar results with the findings of Gulliksen et al, 2009;Drillich et al, 2015. Molecular identifications of the isolated E. coli and Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Isolation, molecular identification and antibiogram profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from diarrhoeic cattle reared in selected areas of Bangladesh

Sohidullah

Khan

Islam

et al. 2017

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res

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The present research work was undertaken to find out the passive causes of occurrences of diarrhoea in terms of age, sex, season and location differences through isolation and identification of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. using cultural, biochemical and molecular from the field samples of the diarrhoeic cattle and to study the antibiogram profiles of the isolated bacterial species. Considering above purposes, a total of 57 rectal swab samples were collected from the diarrhoeic cattle of Mymensingh sadar, Trishal, Valuka, Natore sadar and Gomostapur, Chapai Nawabganj. Different types of cultural media like Nutrient agar, MacConkey`s (MC) agar, Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar, Xylose-Lysine-Deoxycholate (XLD) agar and Blood agar were used to isolate and to study the cultural properties of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. Finally Gram's staining and different biochemical tests were performed to identify those two bacterial species. Out of 57 samples, 27 were positive for E. coli and 8 were positive for Salmonella spp. On the basis of information from cattle owners and clinical signs the prevalence of diarrhoea was recorded as 30.99% and the pvalue was calculated as 0.001 (p<0.01) which was noted as highly significant. The prevalence percentages of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. were differed depending on different epidemiological parameters like age, sex, season and location. Moreover, the molecular identifications were further confirmed by means of PCR assay using specific primers for E. coli and Salmonella spp. This was done targeting 16S rRNA gene where they were found to be positive showing amplification of 585 bp for E. coli and 574 bp for Salmonella spp. From the study of the antibiogram profiles, it was revealed that E. coli were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and norfloxacin but resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin, amoxicillin and streptomycin whereas Salmonella spp. were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amoxicillin and streptomycin but resistant to azithromycin, tetracycline and erythromycin. The findings of this research work would certainly help to select the proper antibiotics against diarrhoea in cattle of Bangladesh and to overcome the multi-drug resistant problem of the bacteria.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Isolation, molecular identification and antibiogram profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from diarrhoeic cattle reared in selected areas of Bangladesh

Sohidullah

Khan

Islam

et al. 2017

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res

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“…Frequent cleaning of maternity pens reduces pathogen buildup and calf exposure to infectious disease (Gulliksen et al, 2009b); but 22% of respondents in the present study cleaned maternity pens no more than once per month, or only between seasons. The method of cleaning may also affect calf health.…”

Section: Calving Managementcontrasting

confidence: 58%

Questionnaire identifying management practices surrounding calving on spring-calving dairy farms and their associations with herd size and herd expansion

Cummins

Berry

Sayers

et al. 2016

Animal

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Healthy calves are fundamental to any profitable dairy enterprise. Research to-date, has focused on year-round calving systems which experience many different challenges compared to spring-calving systems. The objective of the present study was to determine the on-farm dry cow, calving, and colostrum management practices of spring-calving dairy production systems, and quantify their associations with herd size and herd expansion status (i.e. expanding or not expanding). Information on these management practices was available from a survey of 262 Irish spring-calving dairy farmers, representative of the Irish national population. Herd expansion in the 2 years before, and the year that the survey was conducted was not associated with any of the management practices investigated. Fifty-three percent of respondents had an average calving season length of 10 to14 weeks with 35% of herds having a longer calving season. Previous research in cattle has documented that both colostrum source and feeding management are associated with the transmission of infectious disease from cow to calf. In the present study 60% of respondents fed calves colostrum from their own dam; however, 66% of those respondents allowed the calf to suckle the dam, 23% of survey respondents fed calves pooled colostrum. Larger herds were more likely ( P < 0.01) to use pooled colostrum supplies, while smaller herds were more likely ( P < 0.05) to allow the calf to suckle the dam. The majority (86%) of respondents had stored supplies of colostrum; average-sized herds had the greatest likelihood of storing colostrum ( P < 0.05), compared to other herd sizes; larger sized herds had a lesser likelihood ( P < 0.05) of storing colostrum in a freezer, compared to other herd sizes. Although freezing colostrum was the most common method used to store colostrum (54% of respondents), 17% of respondents stored colostrum at room temperature, 29% of which stored it at room temperature for greater than 4 days. The results from the present study indicate that a particular focus needs to be placed on calving and colostrum management because this study has highlighted a number of areas which are below international standards, and may have repercussions for calf health. Furthermore, management practices on larger farms could be improved and, as these represent the future of dairy farming, a focus needs to be placed on them. Expanding herds are not a particular concern as herd expansion, independent of herd size, does not seem to be associated with calving and colostrum management practices on Irish spring-calving dairy herds.Keywords: dry period, calving, colostrum, calves, dairy ImplicationsThe results from the present study provide information on dry-cow, calving and colostrum management practices used in spring-calving systems. It highlights the management areas that are similar to and the areas that are different from yearround calving systems. Practices such as grouped calving pens and short term colostrum storage are more common in springcalving systems due to a l...

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“…Nowadays, there is a remarkable interest to promote production efficiency by improving productive intensive systems. However, these systems have disadvantages such as animal stress and inadequate sanitary conditions, among other factors, that favor the rapid spread of diseases caused by microorganisms [2][3][4]. Therefore, NCD generates substantial economic losses every year all over the world as a result of increased morbidity and mortality rates [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Escherichia coli adhesion-related genes in neonatal calf diarrhea in Uruguay

Umpiérrez

Acquistapace²,

Fernández³

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), one of the most important diseases of neonatal dairy and beef calves in Uruguay, has become relevant in association with intensive systems. This disease generates substantial economic losses every year worldwide as a result of increased morbidity and mortality. Escherichia coli, one of the pathogens associated with NCD, can express several fimbrial and afimbrial adhesins. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of clpG, f5, f17A, f17G(II), and f17G(I) genes that encode three important adhesins expressed in diarrheagenic E. coli: F5, F17 and CS31A, isolated from feces of calves in Uruguay. Methodology: Feces of 86 (70 diarrheic and 16 healthy) calves, from 15 animal facilities in Uruguay, were collected between 2012 and 2013. Biochemical and molecular identification were performed to finally obtain 298 E. coli isolates. Partial amplification of adhesion-related genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The most prevalent gene was f17A (31.2%), followed by f17G(II), clpG, f17G(I) and f5 (25.8%, 17.5%, 3.7% and 0.7%, respectively). All genes were present in diarrheic and healthy animals except f5 and f17G(I); these genes were present only in affected calves, although in low numbers. Conclusions: This is the first report of the presence of F5, F17, and CS31A genes in E. coli strains from NCD cases in Uruguay. Prevalence values of the genes, except f5, were in accordance with regional findings. It is expected that further characterization of locally transmitted strains will contribute to control a problem of regional and international magnitude.

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Enteropathogens and risk factors for diarrhea in Norwegian dairy calves

Cited by 124 publications

References 32 publications

Isolation, molecular identification and antibiogram profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from diarrhoeic cattle reared in selected areas of Bangladesh

Isolation, molecular identification and antibiogram profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from diarrhoeic cattle reared in selected areas of Bangladesh

Questionnaire identifying management practices surrounding calving on spring-calving dairy farms and their associations with herd size and herd expansion

Prevalence of Escherichia coli adhesion-related genes in neonatal calf diarrhea in Uruguay

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