Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli in veterinary medicine

Naylor, Stuart W.; Gally, David L.; Low, J. C.

doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2005.07.010

Cited by 76 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 213 publications

(183 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Ruminants, especially bovine animals, are the main reservoir of STEC strains (Naylor et al, 2005). These animals are asymptomatic carriers of STEC and so they generally enter the human food chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shiga toxins and stx phages: highly diverse entities

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Shiga toxins are the main virulence factors of a group of Escherichia coli strains [Shiga toxinproducing E. coli (STEC)] that cause severe human diseases, such as haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. The Shiga toxin family comprises several toxin subtypes, which have been differentially related to clinical manifestations. In addition, the phages that carry the Shiga toxin genes (stx phages) are also diverse. These phages play an important role not only in the dissemination of Shiga toxin genes and the emergence of new STEC strains, but also in the regulation of Shiga toxin production. Consequently, differences in stx phages may affect the dissemination of stx genes as well as the virulence of STEC strains. In addition to presenting an overview of Shiga toxins and stx phages, in this review we highlight current knowledge about the diversity of stx phages, with emphasis on its impact on STEC virulence. We consider that this diversity should be taken into account when developing STEC infection treatments and diagnostic approaches, and when conducting STEC control in reservoirs.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shiga toxins and stx phages: highly diverse entities

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…EHEC are of serious public health concern because HUS is the leading cause of acute renal failure in children that is potentially fatal (2). Cattle are known to be the reservoir of EHEC strains, and bovine carriers do not show signs of clinical disease (3). Human infection occurs mainly through consumption of contaminated food and water (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Carriage of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Serotypes O157:H7, O26:H11, O103:H2, O111:H8, and O145:H28 among Slaughtered Adult Cattle in France

Bibbal

Loukiadis

Kérourédan

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The main pathogenic enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains are defined as Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) belonging to one of the following serotypes: O157:H7, O26:H11, O103:H2, O111:H8, and O145:H28. Each of these five serotypes is known to be associated with a specific subtype of the intimin-encoding gene (eae). The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of bovine carriers of these "top five" STEC in the four adult cattle categories slaughtered in France. Fecal samples were collected from 1,318 cattle, including 291 young dairy bulls, 296 young beef bulls, 337 dairy cows, and 394 beef cows. A total of 96 E. coli isolates, including 33 top five STEC and 63 atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) isolates, with the same genetic characteristics as the top five STEC strains except that they lacked an stx gene, were recovered from these samples. O157:H7 was the most frequently isolated STEC serotype. The prevalence of top five STEC (all serotypes included) was 4.5% in young dairy bulls, 2.4% in young beef bulls, 1.8% in dairy cows, and 1.0% in beef cows. It was significantly higher in young dairy bulls (P < 0.05) than in the other 3 categories. The basis for these differences between categories remains to be elucidated. Moreover, simultaneous carriage of STEC O26:H11 and STEC O103:H2 was detected in one young dairy bull. Lastly, the prevalence of bovine carriers of the top five STEC, evaluated through a weighted arithmetic mean of the prevalence by categories, was estimated to 1.8% in slaughtered adult cattle in France.

show abstract

“…Carriage rates are higher in calves than in adult cattle, and while detected all year-round, carriage rates are subject to seasonal effects, with higher rates reported in spring and summer. Other factors thought to influence carriage rates are the ages of animals and farming and husbandry practices (32).…”

Section: Bovine Carriage Of Vtecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These authors also showed that 9% of the animals shedding E. coli O157:H7 at slaughter produced over 96% of the total O157:H7 fecal load for the group. It has also been hypothesized that highlevel carriage of these microorganisms is a consequence of intestinal colonization whereas low levels within individual animals may be a result of environmental exposure with no significant colonization (32,40). Horizontal transmission between animals may be facilitated by contaminated water and feed, with water troughs potentially playing a role in the ecology of VTEC on the farm (41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46).…”

Section: Bovine Carriage Of Vtecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Veterinary Public Health Approach to Managing Pathogenic Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the Agri-Food Chain

Duffy

McCabe

2014

Microbiol Spectr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Verocytoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) comprises many diverse serogroups, but seven serogroups, O157, O26, O103, O145, O111, O21, and O45, have been most commonly linked to severe human infections, though illness has also been reported from a range of other VTEC serogroups. This poses challenges in assessing the risk to humans from the diverse range of VTEC strains that may be recovered from animals, the environment, or food. For routine assessment of risk posed by VTEC recovered from the agri-food chain, the concept of seropathotype can be used to rank the human risk potential from a particular VTEC serogroup on the basis of both serotype (top seven serogroups) and the presence of particular virulence genes (vt in combination with eae, or aaiC plus aggR). But for other VTEC serogroups or virulence gene combinations, it is not currently possible to fully assess the risk posed. VTEC is shed in animal feces and can persist in the farm environment for extended periods ranging from several weeks to many months, posing an ongoing reservoir of contamination for grazing animals, water courses, and fresh produce and for people using farmland for recreational purposes. Appropriate handling and treatment of stored animal waste (slurries and manures) will reduce risk from VTEC in the farm environment. Foods of animal origin such as milk and dairy products and meat may be contaminated with VTEC during production and processing, and the pathogen may survive or grow during processing operations, highlighting the need for well-designed and validated Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point management systems. This article focuses on a veterinary public health approach to managing VTEC, highlighting the various routes in the agri-food chain for transmission of human pathogenic VTEC and general approaches to managing the risk.

show abstract

Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli in veterinary medicine

Cited by 76 publications

References 213 publications

Shiga toxins and stx phages: highly diverse entities

Shiga toxins and stx phages: highly diverse entities

Prevalence of Carriage of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Serotypes O157:H7, O26:H11, O103:H2, O111:H8, and O145:H28 among Slaughtered Adult Cattle in France

Veterinary Public Health Approach to Managing Pathogenic Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the Agri-Food Chain

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About