Enteric Protozoans:<i>Cyclospora, Eimeria, Isospora</i>, and<i>Cryptosporidium</i>spp.

Duszynski, Donald W.; Upton, Steve J.

doi:10.1002/9780470377000.ch16c

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 413 publications

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“…Moreover, in contrast to C. marmotae for which the peak in the proglottid shedding rate takes place in late summer, the peak in the coccidia oocyst shedding rate occurs in early spring [ 17 ]. It is assumed that the number of oocysts discharged and the length of time they are shed depend on the number of sporulated oocysts in the initial infective dose (e.g., [ 25 ]). If the host becomes exposed again to the same coccidia, the host's protective immunity is responsible for a reduced oocysts shedding rate [ 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Anthelmintic Treatment on Coccidia Oocyst Shedding in a Wild Mammal Host with Intermittent Cestode Infection

Václav

Blažeková

2014

The Scientific World Journal

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While hosts are routinely exploited by a community of parasite species, the principles governing host responses towards parasites are unclear. Identifying the health outcomes of coinfections involving helminth macroparasites and microparasites is one area of importance for public and domestic animal health. For instance, it is controversial how deworming programmes affect incidence and severity of such important microparasite diseases as malaria. One problem is that most study systems involve domestic and laboratory animals with conditions hardly comparable to those of free-living animals. Here, we study the effect of anthelmintic treatment on coccidia infection intensity in wild Alpine marmots, M. marmota. Our results lend support to the hypothesis that helminth infection has a positive effect on concurrent microparasite infection. However, our work also points to the fact that within-host interactions between helminths and microparasites are context-dependent and can turn to negative ones once helminth burdens increase. Our study suggests that coccidia benefit from intermittent helminth infection in marmots due to the protective effects of helminth infection only during the early phase of the host's active season. Also, the marmot's response towards coccidia infection appears optimal only under no helminth infection when the host immune response towards coccidia would not be compromised, thereby pointing to the importance of regular intestinal helminth elimination by marmots just before hibernation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Anthelmintic Treatment on Coccidia Oocyst Shedding in a Wild Mammal Host with Intermittent Cestode Infection

Václav

Blažeková

2014

The Scientific World Journal

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“…Eimeria steidai develops in epithelial cells of the bile duct and parenchymal cells of the liver of rabbits. Other species have been found to develop in cells of the gall bladder (goat), placenta (hippopotamus), epididymis (elk, a deer species), uterus (impala, an African antelope, Aepyceros), genitalia of both sexes (hamsters, rodents), bile duct (chamois, high altitude goat), liver parenchyma (wallaby, macropod, a marsupial), and pyloric antrum (kangaroo) (Duszynski and Upton 2001).…”

Section: D) Problems Due To Lifecycle Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redescription of Genera of Family Eimeriidae Minchin, 1903

Ghimire

2010

Int J Life Sci

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Taxonomy includes collection, identification, naming and ordering of specimens into a system of words consistent with any kind of relationships among them, the study of literatures and analysis of variations shown by the specimens and finally the publication of data. Practical reasons for the degree of stability-even for a relatively short period of time are: for teaching purposes at advanced levels and for the benefit of many non-protozoolists. The eimeriid coccidia are one of the more controversial groups of protozoa. The problems of describing different species within family Eimeriidae Minchin, 1903 are due to their abnormal phenotypic and phylogenetic characters, occurrence in abnormal hosts with different lifecycle patterns. The basis of classification of the genera under this family includes the Phenotypic and Phylogenetic characters and the lifecycle of parasites and data of their hosts. I have updated the information of classification system given by the Society of Protozoologists (Lee JJ, Hutner SH, Bovee EC and Upton J, 2001. The Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa, 2nd Edition. Allen Press, Lawrence, KS) and online materials by Duszynski DW, Couch L and Upton SJ, Supported by NSF-PEET DEB 9521687. In this review, I have focused on seventeen true species and seven pseudospecies with the information of their synonyms, oocyst formula, generic characters, and total number of named species, type species and type host. Keywords: Eimeriidae; Genera; Phenotypic; phylogenetic; pseudoparasitism; Redescription. DOI: 10.3126/ijls.v4i0.3285International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.4 2010 pp.26-47

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“…Few parallel epidemiological studies have monitored intracellular protozoan infections in wild ungulate populations, where they often present as chronic infections which intensify or abate in response to environmental conditions and host susceptibility (Duszynski and Upton, 2001) and more commonly co-occur with extracellular helminth parasites in the absence of widespread anthelmintic treatment. Studying co-infections in the wild is of interest for two main reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of parasitic protozoan infections in Soay sheep (Ovis ariesL.) on St Kilda

et al. 2006

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The feral Soay sheep (Ovis aries L.) population on Hirta, St Kilda, is host to a diverse component parasite community, but previous parasitological studies of the population have only focussed on the metazoan species. This paper reports the first epidemiological study of the protozoan species comprising Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia duodenalis and 11 species of Eimeria in Soay sheep across 3 years of varying host population density. Prevalence and intensity of almost all species of protozoa significantly decreased with host age, with the exception of E. granulosa, which increased in prevalence with host age. The prevalence of C. parvum appeared to vary positively with host population density but that of G. duodenalis did not vary significantly with density. Most species of Eimeria showed a distinct lag in infection level following the host population crash of 2002, taking up to 2 years to decrease. Mixed Eimeria species intensity and diversity were highest in 2002, a year of low host density. Parasite diversity decreased with host age and was higher in males. There were 5 positive pair-wise associations between protozoa species in terms of prevalence. The results of this study highlight the potential for protozoal infection to shape the evolution of parasite resistance in wild host populations harbouring diverse parasite species.

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Enteric Protozoans:Cyclospora, Eimeria, Isospora, andCryptosporidiumspp.

Cited by 24 publications

References 413 publications

The Effect of Anthelmintic Treatment on Coccidia Oocyst Shedding in a Wild Mammal Host with Intermittent Cestode Infection

The Effect of Anthelmintic Treatment on Coccidia Oocyst Shedding in a Wild Mammal Host with Intermittent Cestode Infection

Redescription of Genera of Family Eimeriidae Minchin, 1903

Epidemiology of parasitic protozoan infections in Soay sheep (Ovis ariesL.) on St Kilda

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