Enteric Clostridia

Songer, J. Glenn

doi:10.1002/9780470958209.ch13

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Clostridia species have also been implicated in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis and the pathogenesis of IBD (Frank et al, 2007; Sokol et al, 2009). Certain members of the Clostridium genus have well-established pathogenic properties and are capable of producing potent toxins (Lopetuso et al, 2013; Songer, 2004; Taur and Pamer, 2013), which may contribute to pulmonary alveolar endothelial damage and vascular permeability (Songer, 2004). Indeed, administration of bacterial toxin such as those from C. sordellii in mice causes similar lethal pulmonary damage as reported in this study (Bourke et al, 1994; Geny et al, 2007; Pusterla et al, 2008; Saeed et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet-Induced Alterations in Gut Microflora Contribute to Lethal Pulmonary Damage in TLR2/TLR4-Deficient Mice

Sun

Goodrich

et al. 2014

Cell Reports

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SUMMARY Chronic intake of Western diet has driven an epidemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome, but how it induces mortality remains unclear. Here we show that chronic intake of a high-fat diet (HFD), not a low-fat diet (LFD), leads to severe pulmonary damage and mortality in mice deficient in Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 (DKO hereafter). Diet-induced pulmonary lesions are blocked by antibiotics treatment and transmissible to wildtype mice upon either cohousing or fecal transplantation, pointing to the existence of bacterial pathogens. Indeed, diet and innate deficiency exert significant impact on gut microbiota composition. Thus, chronic intake of HFD promotes severe pulmonary damage and mortality in DKO mice in part via gut dysbiosis, a finding that may be important for immunodeficient patients, particularly those on chemotherapy or radiotherapy, where gut microbiota-caused conditions are often life-threatening.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet-Induced Alterations in Gut Microflora Contribute to Lethal Pulmonary Damage in TLR2/TLR4-Deficient Mice

Sun

Goodrich

et al. 2014

Cell Reports

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“…Clostridial diseases can be divided into three major types: 1) neurotoxic diseases (Böhmel & Gessler 2010), 2) histotoxic diseases (Songer 2010a) and 3) enteric diseases (Songer 2010b). In cattle, the neurotoxic group includes botulism, due to the ingestion of BoNTs; and tetanus, caused by the infection of Clostridium tetani and related neurotoxins (TeNT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A forty-year survey (1978-2018) and a brief review of the literature

et al. 2019

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Clostridial diseases are important causes of livestock losses in the southern Rio Grande do Sul. Since 1978 annual surveys conducted at the “Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico” of the “Universidade Federal de Pelotas” (LRD-UFPel) have shown that clostridial diseases represent 10.40% of the bacterial diseases diagnosed in cattle and 1.65% of all diseases diagnosis in cattle over a 40-year period. The purpose of this study is to review the clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of the clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from January 1978 to December 2018 at the LRD-UFPel in the hopes that it will constitute a useful guide for field veterinary practitioners and interested farmers. We assessed and review the necropsy protocols of 6,736 cattle; these necropsies were performed either by LRD-UFPel faculty or by field veterinary practitioners; 111 outbreaks (1.65%) were diagnosed as clostridial disease, distributed as follows: 35 outbreaks of tetanus, 34 of blackleg, 23 of bacillary hemoglobinuria, 11 of malignant edema (gas gangrene), and eight of botulism. Approximately 904, from a total of 42,480 cattle at risk, died in these outbreaks.

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“…C. perfringens is commonly divided into 5 types (A–E). 16 We isolated C. perfringens type A in a large number of calves both with and without diarrhea. However, the organism colonized the small intestine as seen histologically and was associated with characteristic necrotizing enteritis, with or without hemorrhage, in only 12.4% of newborn to 15-d-old diarrheic animals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Frequency of Escherichia coli virotypes in calf diarrhea and intestinal morphologic changes associated with these virotypes or other diarrheagenic pathogens

et al. 2019

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Calf diarrhea is a common cause of pre-weaning morbidity and mortality in cattle operations. We evaluated the role of Escherichia coli by assessing the frequency of genes encoding virulence factors (virotypes) in E. coli from feces or intestinal contents, and the association of these virotypes or other diarrheagenic pathogens with intestinal morphologic changes in calves with or without diarrhea. E. coli was isolated from 408 feces and 105 intestines of calves with diarrhea and compared to those isolated from 635 feces and 100 intestines of calves without diarrhea, from 2002 to 2016. Virotype EAST1:F17, in combination with minor virotypes, was the most commonly detected type, but without differences in frequency between the 2 groups of calves. No significant intestinal morphologic changes were observed with the different E. coli virotypes in either group of calves, except for bacterial attachment to enterocytes for virotype STa:F5, which was detected only in calves with diarrhea. These observations suggest that E. coli, excluding virotype STa:F5, is not a significant diarrhea-causing agent in calves. However, the intestinal lesions observed in ~82% of calves with diarrhea were attributed to other diarrheagenic pathogens that include bovine coronavirus, Clostridium perfringens, Cryptosporidium spp., Eimeria spp., rotavirus, and Salmonella spp.

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Enteric Clostridia

Cited by 7 publications

References 149 publications

Diet-Induced Alterations in Gut Microflora Contribute to Lethal Pulmonary Damage in TLR2/TLR4-Deficient Mice

Diet-Induced Alterations in Gut Microflora Contribute to Lethal Pulmonary Damage in TLR2/TLR4-Deficient Mice

Clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A forty-year survey (1978-2018) and a brief review of the literature

Frequency of Escherichia coli virotypes in calf diarrhea and intestinal morphologic changes associated with these virotypes or other diarrheagenic pathogens

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