Enteral nutrition modulation with n-3 PUFAs directs microbiome and lipid metabolism in mice

Abstract

Nutritional support using exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) has been studied as primary therapy for the management of liver diseases, Crohn’s disease, and cancers. EEN can also increase the number of beneficial microbiotas in the gut, improve bile acid and lipid metabolism, and decrease the number of harmful dietary micro-particles, possibly by influencing disease occurrence and increasing immunity. This study investigated the effects of EEN-n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (3PUFAs) (EEN-3PUFAs) on the gut microbiome, intestinal barrier, and lipid or bile acid metabolism in mice. Metagenomic sequencing technology was used to analyze the effects of EEN-3PUFAs on the composition of gut microbiome signatures. The contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids in the feces and liver of the mice were assayed by gas chromatography and ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography/high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-lactic acid in the blood were used to assess intestinal permeability. The results indicated that EEN-3PUFAs could improve the composition of gut microbiome signatures and increase the abundance of Barnesiella and Lactobacillus (genus), Porphyromonadaceae, and Bacteroidia (species), and Bacteroidetes (phylum) after EEN-3PUFAs initiation. In addition, EEN-3PUFAs induced the formation of SCFAs (mainly including acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid) and increased the intestinal wall compared to the control group. In conclusion, EEN-3PUFAs modulate the alterations in gut microbiome signatures, enhanced intestinal barrier, and regulated the fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism shifts and the putative mechanisms underlying these effects.

Impact of Nutrition, Microbiota Transplant and Weight Loss Surgery on Dopaminergic Alterations in Parkinson’s Disease and Obesity

“…Normalization of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio is one mechanism by which omega-3 PUFA prevent neurologic deficits [ 69 , 70 ]. In a recent study, health-promoting bacteria belonging to Bacteroidetes, along with Lactobacillus, was found to be significantly elevated after omega-3 PUFA supplementation ( Figure 1 ) [ 37 ]. As mentioned, Lactobacillus is commonly used in probiotics and is associated with positive effects on dopamine concentration.…”

“…HFCS and sucrose administration increases Prevotella and Proteobacteria while decreasing Bacteroidetes [ 36 ]. Omega-3 PUFA increase Lactobacillus and Bacteroidetes [ 37 ]. Animal-based proteins increase Bacteroides and Desulfovibrio while decreasing Bifidobacterium, Roseburia and Blautia [ 38 , 39 ].…”

New insights into the interplay between intestinal flora and bile acids in inflammatory bowel disease

“…This indicates that VDR deficiency causes intestinal flora disorder and aggravates the occurrence and development of IBD. Another study showed that defective VDR expression in intestinal Panth cells leads to reduced lysozyme secretion, impaired antimicrobial activity of pathogenic bacteria, and thus increased inflammatory response[ 84 ]. Other studies have found that lack of VD in the diet of mice can cause intestinal microflora disorder, mainly manifested in increased abundance of Helicobacter hepaticus and decreased abundance of probiotics Akkermansia Muciniphila[ 85 ].…”

Modulation of gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in rats fed high-fat diets by Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids

“…The total amount of gut microbiota genes exceeds that of human genes by 100-fold and is also termed the “second genome” of humans ( Zhu et al, 2010 ). In the recent past, the gut microbiota appears to play a function in the development of LMD, according to growing research ( Li et al, 2021a , Li et al, 2021b ; Tao et al, 2021 ; Yu et al, 2021 ). In the human gut, the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes predominate, with a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes in obese persons ( Ley et al, 2006 ).…”