New insights into the interplay between intestinal flora and bile acids in inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

Intestinal flora plays a key role in nutrient absorption, metabolism and immune defense, and is considered to be the cornerstone of maintaining the health of human hosts. Bile acids synthesized in the liver can not only promote the absorption of fat-soluble substances in the intestine, but also directly or indirectly affect the structure and function of intestinal flora. Under the action of intestinal flora, bile acids can be converted into secondary bile acids, which can be reabsorbed back to the liver through the enterohepatic circulation. The complex dialogue mechanism between intestinal flora and bile acids is involved in the development of intestinal inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review, the effects of intestinal flora, bile acids and their interactions on IBD and the progress of treatment were reviewed.

Determination of Bile Acids in Canine Biological Samples: Diagnostic Significance

“…It is encoded by bile acid inducible (bai)-genes found in certain microorganisms present in the distal small and large intestines, particularly Clostridium species (e.g., C. or Peptacetobacter hiranonis, C. scindens, and C. hylemonae). When the biochemical reactions of BAs in the digestive tract are disturbed at certain points, the ratio of primary and secondary BAs shifts, causing changes in their toxicity index and hydrophobicity, as well as in the host metabolic function [4,[7][8][9]15,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

“…[20,[57][58][59]. Indeed, BAs are involved in the pathomechanism of some different liver diseases and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract as well [3,9,10,30,44,54,56,57,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72].…”

Intestinal microbial 16S sequencing and LC-MS metabonomic analysis revealed differences between young and old cats

“…Undigested food (mainly including protein, carbohydrate, etc.) is the main metabolic substrate of intestinal flora, which can be metabolized by intestinal flora after reaching the gastrointestinal tract and produce multiple bacterial metabolites, such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, trimethylamine, secondary bile acid and SCFA, thus causing different effects on human health [ [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] ].…”