Entanglement islands in higher dimensions

Almheiri, Ahmed; Mahajan, Raghu; Santos, Jorge E.

doi:10.21468/scipostphys.9.1.001

Cited by 264 publications

(361 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This allows us to shed light on a number of puzzling features in Refs. [13,[35][36][37][38][39]. We find that the state paradox arises at the first step, for the Hawking radiation that has escaped to the "auxiliary" CFT d .…”

Section: Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several works [13,[35][36][37][38][39] have computed the Page curve using the entanglement wedge in a "doubly holographic" dual. The fundamental object in this case is the auxiliary system containing the radiation: a "Boundary" conformal field theory or BCFT (in the sense of Refs.…”

Section: Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beginning with Ref. [13], a number of interesting papers have explored the RT prescription for evaporating black holes in a "doubly holographic" setting [35][36][37][38][39]65]. The Hawking radiation is mainly carried by excitations of a holographic CFT d that escape to a (holographic) auxiliary system.…”

Section: Double Holography Without a Bathmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combining insights from the previous sections will allow us to understand some puzzling features in the doubly-holographic versions [13,[35][36][37][38][39] of Refs. [5,6], where the Page curve arises from the classical RT prescription in the d þ 1 dimensional bulk.…”

Section: Double Holography With a Holographic Bathmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We note that this agrees with the RT prescription for a BCFT d given by Takayanagi [42,43], which has been extensively used in recent analyses of entanglement islands, such as Refs. [13,[35][36][37][38][39]. In analyzing these results and exhibiting the state paradox, it will be illuminating to "deconstruct" Eq.…”

Section: B One-step Ryu-takayanagi Prescription For Double Holographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gravity/ensemble duality

2020

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For the first time, a gravitational calculation was recently shown to yield the Page curve for the entropy of Hawking radiation, consistent with unitary evolution. However, the calculation takes as essential input Hawking's result that the radiation entropy becomes large at late times. We call this apparent contradiction the state paradox. We exhibit its manifestations in standard and doubly holographic settings, with and without an external bath. We clarify which version(s) of the Ryu-Takayanagi prescription apply in each setting. We show that the two possible homology rules in the presence of a braneworld generate a bulk dual of the state paradox. The paradox is resolved if the gravitational path integral computes averaged quantities in a suitable ensemble of unitary theories, a possibility supported independently by several recent developments.

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Section: Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Double Holography Without a Bathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Double Holography With a Holographic Bathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B One-step Ryu-takayanagi Prescription For Double Holographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gravity/ensemble duality

2020

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Radial cutoffs and holographic entanglement

Grado-White

Marolf

Weinberg

2021

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Tensor networks, $$ T\overline{T} $$ T T ¯ , and broader notions of a holographic principle all motivate the idea that some notion of gravitational holography should persist in the presence of a radial cutoff. But in the absence of time-reflection symmetry, the areas of Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi surfaces anchored to the radial cutoff generally violate strong sub-additivity, even when the associated boundary regions are spacelike separated as defined by both bulk and boundary notions of causality. We thus propose an alternate definition of cutoff-holographic entropy using a restricted maximin prescription anchored to a codimension 2 cutoff surface. For bulk solutions that respect the null energy condition, we show that the resulting areas satisfy SSA, entanglement wedge nesting, and monogamy of mutual information in parallel with cutoff free results in AdS. These results hold even when the cutoff surface fails to be convex.

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Evaporating black holes coupled to a thermal bath

Chen

Fisher

Hernandez

et al. 2021

J. High Energ. Phys.

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We study the doubly holographic model of [1] in the situation where a black hole in two-dimensional JT gravity theory is coupled to an auxiliary bath system at arbitrary finite temperature. Depending on the initial temperature of the black hole relative to the bath temperature, the black hole can lose mass by emitting Hawking radiation, stay in equilibrium with the bath or gain mass by absorbing thermal radiation from the bath. In all of these scenarios, a unitary Page curve is obtained by applying the usual prescription for holographic entanglement entropy and identifying the quantum extremal surface for the generalized entropy, using both analytical and numeric calculations. As the application of the entanglement wedge reconstruction, we further investigate the reconstruction of the black hole interior from a subsystem containing the Hawking radiation. We examine the roles of the Hawking radiation and also the purification of the thermal bath in this reconstruction.

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Entanglement islands in higher dimensions

Cited by 264 publications

References 38 publications

Gravity/ensemble duality

Gravity/ensemble duality

Radial cutoffs and holographic entanglement

Evaporating black holes coupled to a thermal bath

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