Entanglement and Drowning of a Magellanic Penguin (<i>Spheniscus magellanicus</i>) in a Gill Net Recorded by a Time-Depth Recorder in South-Central Chile

Pütz, Klemens; Hiriart‐Bertrand, Luciano; Simeone, Alejandro; Riquelme, Victoria; Reyes-Arriagada, Ronnie; Lüthi, Benno

doi:10.1675/063.034.0117

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A number of studies have investigated fisheries bycatch of seabirds (Brothers et al 1999, Zydelis et al 2009), including penguins (Gandini et al 1999, Yorio & Caille 1999, Norman 2000, Majluf et al 2002, Tamini et al 2002, Cardoso et al 2011, Pütz et al 2011. In these studies, information was primarily obtained directly or indirectly from the fishery industry, whereas the fewer studies that have attempted to diagnose entanglement and drowning post-mortem in beach-cast seabirds have relied primarily on external lesions compatible with entanglement in nets (Darby & Dawson 2000, Hocken 2000, 2005 or on the presence of water in the lungs or air sacs (Daoust et al 1998, Simeone et al 1999, Hocken 2000, 2005, Schlatter et al 2009, Cannell et al 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lesions associated with drowning in bycaught penguins

Vanstreels

Hurtado²,

Ewbank³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Fisheries bycatch, the incidental mortality that occurs as a result of entanglement in fishing gear, is an important conservation threat to penguins and other seabirds. Identification of entanglement and drowning in beach-cast carcasses of seabirds remains a challenge, as it is still unclear what lesions are to be expected in a bycaught seabird. We necropsied 2 Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus that were entangled and drowned in gillnets. Marked distension of the lungs with foamy red fluid and marked oedema of the dorsal visceral pleura were prominent lesions consistent with those described in cases of 'wet drowning' in humans. On the other hand, the air sacs contained very small quantities of liquid, suggesting that absence of water in the air sacs might not be a reliable sign to exclude drowning. Other relevant findings included cutaneous lacerations and bruising in one bird and cervical and pectoral rhabdomyolysis in both birds. While cutaneous or subcutaneous hematomas may be an indication of bycatch, especially if linear or cross-linear patterns consistent with fishing nets are present, these lesions might not always be discernible and their absence does not suffice to exclude the possibility of entanglement in fishing nets. Additionally, our findings suggest that the histological examination of skeletal muscles, particularly of the neck, may provide additional clues to corroborate the diagnosis of drowning in penguins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lesions associated with drowning in bycaught penguins

Vanstreels

Hurtado²,

Ewbank³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Based on injuries consistent with entanglement and on interviews with local fishermen, these authors attributed this mortality event to drowning in artisanal gillnets targeting southern rays bream Brama australis and corvina. Skewgar et al (2009), Pütz et al (2011 and Suazo et al (2013) also reported a low number of records of entangled Magellanic penguins in local gillnet fisheries close to Chiloé Island (42°S, 74°W) and Chonos Archipelago (45°S, 73°W) in southern Chile.…”

Section: Chilementioning

confidence: 97%

“…This species is listed as Near Threatened, owing to declining trends in the Argentinean breeding colonies that represent the majority of the estimated global population (Table 2; BirdLife International 2017). So while no single fishery is thought to have population-level impacts on the species, this trend highlights the concern of potential cumulative effects of bycatch in various trawl and gillnet fisheries from breeding colonies in southern Chile and central/southern Argentina to non-breeding grounds in Uruguayan and Brazilian waters (Schlatter et al 2009, Pütz et al 2011, Stokes et al 2014. Further, the evidence from some studies (Cardoso et al 2011, Marinao et al 2014, Gianuca et al 2017) that bycatch is predominantly comprised of adults increases the possibility that bycatch impacts are significant at a population level.…”

Section: High Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Penguin interactions with gillnets are poorly understood, but entanglements are suspected to occur when birds are actively foraging (Simeone et al 1999, Pütz et al 2011, transiting or resting on the surface (Majluf et al 2002). Penguin interactions with trawl fisheries have been primarily recorded in Argentina, where Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus are captured during the haul as they attempt to feed on small non-target fish that drop out of the net (González-Zevallos & Yorio 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tangled and drowned: a global review of penguin bycatch in fisheries

Crawford¹,

Ellenberg²,

Frere³

et al. 2017

Endang. Species. Res.

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“…This has resulted in an unknown number of people visiting the colonies while no regulations or management plans were in place. Regarding their conservation on the Pacific coast, populations of both species have been decreasing as a result of entanglement in artisanal fishing nets and illegal capture for consumption and bait (Simeone et al 1999, Majluf et al 2002, Pütz et al 2011. In Argentina, human disturbance by tourism has been described as one of the main threats to the breeding colonies (Boersma 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Trends of a Mixed-Species Colony of Humboldt and Magellanic Penguins in Southern Chile after Establishing a Protected Area

Reyes-Arriagada¹,

Hiriart‐Bertrand²,

Riquelme³

et al. 2013

ACE

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. 2013. Population trends of a mixed-species colony of Humboldt and Magellanic Penguins in southern Chile after establishing a protected area. Avian Conservation and Ecology 8(2): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ ACE-00617-080213 ABSTRACT. Worldwide marine protected areas (MPAs) have been designated to protect marine resources, including top predators such as seabirds. There is no conclusive information on whether protected areas can improve population trends of seabirds when these are further exploited as tourist attractions, an activity that has increased in past decades. Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) and Magellanic Penguins (S. magellanicus) breed sympatrically on Puñihuil Islets, two small coastal islands off the west coast of Chiloé Island (41° S) in southern Chile that are subject to exploitation for tourism. Our goal was to compare the population size of the mixed colony of Humboldt and Magellanic Penguins before and after protection from unregulated tourism and freely roaming goats in 1997. For this purpose, two censuses were conducted in 2004 and 2008, and the numbers compared with those obtained in 1997 by other authors. The proportion of occupied, unoccupied, and collapsed/ flooded burrows changed between years; there were 68% and 34% fewer collapsed burrows in 2004 and 2008, respectively, than in 1997. For the total number of burrows of both species, we counted 48% and 63% more burrows in 2004 and 2008, respectively, than in 1997. We counted 13% more burrows of Humboldt Penguins in 2008 than in 1997, and for Magellanic Penguins, we estimated a 64% increase in burrows in 2008. Presumably, this was as a result of habitat improvement attributable to the exclusion of tourists and the removal of goats from the islets. Although tourist visits to the islets are prohibited, tourism activities around the colonies are prevalent and need to be taken into account to promote appropriate management. Research Paper Population Trends of a Mixed-Species Colony of Humboldt and Magellanic Penguins in Southern Chile after Establishing a Protected AreaRÉSUMÉ. Les aires marines protégées ont été établies à l'échelle mondiale pour protéger les ressources marines, dont les prédateurs au sommet de la chaîne alimentaire comme les oiseaux marins. Rien n'indique de façon concluante que la protection d'aires permet une hausse des populations d'oiseaux marins dans les cas où ces populations représentent toujours une attraction touristique, activité dont la popularité a augmenté au cours des dernières décennies. Les Manchots de Humboldt (Spheniscus humboldti) et les Manchots de Magellan (S. magellanicus) nichent de façon sympatrique sur les îlots Puñihuil, deux petites îles au large de la côte ouest de l'île de Chiloé (41° S.) qui font l'objet de visites touristiques dans le sud du Chili. L'objectif de notre étude était de comparer la taille des deux Nous pouvons présumer que ces hausses résultent de l'amélioration de l'habitat consécutive à l'exclusion des touristes et au retrait des chèvres des îlots. Même si les visite...

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Entanglement and Drowning of a Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) in a Gill Net Recorded by a Time-Depth Recorder in South-Central Chile

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Lesions associated with drowning in bycaught penguins

Lesions associated with drowning in bycaught penguins

Tangled and drowned: a global review of penguin bycatch in fisheries

Population Trends of a Mixed-Species Colony of Humboldt and Magellanic Penguins in Southern Chile after Establishing a Protected Area

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