Population Trends of a Mixed-Species Colony of Humboldt and Magellanic Penguins in Southern Chile after Establishing a Protected Area

Reyes-Arriagada, Ronnie; Hiriart‐Bertrand, Luciano; Riquelme, Victoria; Simeone, Alejandro; Pütz, Klemens; Lüthi, Benno; Rey, Andrea Raya

doi:10.5751/ace-00617-080213

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Human disturbance has been shown to have a negative impact on a number of penguin species, including the Royal Penguin Eudyptes schlegeli , Magellanic Penguin Spheniscus magellanicus , Humboldt Penguin S. humboldti , African Penguin S. demersus , Gentoo Penguin Pygoscelis papua , Chinstrap Penguin P. antarctica and Adélie Penguin P. adeliae (e.g. van Heezik and Seddon 1990, Martín et al 2004, Trathan et al 2008, Lynch et al 2010, Barbosa et al 2013, Reyes-Arriagada et al 2013, Villanueva et al 2014). These studies looked at a variety of disturbance responses, including behaviour, heart rate, levels of stress hormones, colony distribution, juvenile survival, and population trends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural consequences of human disturbance on subantarctic Yellow-eyed Penguins Megadyptes antipodes

French

Muller

Chilvers

et al. 2018

Bird Conservation International

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SummaryHuman disturbance can have behavioural, physiological and population-level consequences on wildlife. Unregulated tourism is having a negative effect on the endangered Yellow-eyed Penguin Megadyptes antipodes on mainland New Zealand. Subantarctic Yellow-eyed Penguins are exposed to tourism on Enderby Island in the Auckland Islands group, 450 km south of New Zealand. Restrictions and guidelines for tourism are in place on Enderby Island, but there has been little study on the efficacy of these. We quantified behavioural responses of the Yellow-eyed Penguin on Enderby Island to human presence by documenting movement patterns and behaviour of penguins in the presence and absence of humans, through both controlled approaches and monitoring penguin behaviour in the presence of tourists. We used these data to model the effective approach distances for reducing disturbance. Human presence caused a significant drop in the probability of a successful transit to or from their nest, and significantly increased the time penguins spent alert and decreased the time spent preening. Modelling showed the distance from a human to a penguin is a significant predictor of the likelihood of a bird displaying disturbance behaviour, with the current minimum approach guideline of 5 m not sufficient for preventing disturbance. Our results indicate that the minimum approach guideline needs to be revised if the probability of disturbance is to be reduced. Modelling the appropriateness of minimum approach guidelines by predicting the probability of disturbance is a useful technique that could be applied to other species and systems. Worldwide, management guidelines need to be scientifically evaluated to ensure efficacy and cater for the more sensitive species affected.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural consequences of human disturbance on subantarctic Yellow-eyed Penguins Megadyptes antipodes

French

Muller

Chilvers

et al. 2018

Bird Conservation International

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“…Thus, more data are needed to elucidate any potential species-or sex-related differences in the winter migration patterns of the two species. The absence of any species-related differences is especially noteworthy, because dive characteristics and foraging areas were shown to differ between species from the same site during the breeding season (Raya Rey et al, 2013). Probably the lack of both, the time-constraints imposed on birds having to provision their offspring with food, and competition in an environment with sufficient food supply, is, at least partly, responsible for the absence of inter-specific differences in the foraging behaviour of the two penguin species during the post-moult period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A recent study investigated the dive characteristics and foraging areas of both species during the breeding period and found both, inter-specific and sex-related differences in the utilization of the marine habitat, although the differences between species were more pronounced than between sexes (Raya Rey et al, 2013). Furthermore, following moult, the most common area used by five Magellanic Penguins was located 600-800 km north in the highly productive Gulf of Acrauco, while one bird swam 300 km to waters inland of Chiloé, Chile (Skewgar et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Post-moult movements of sympatrically breeding Humboldt and Magellanic Penguins in south-central Chile

Pütz¹,

Rey

Hiriart‐Bertrand³

et al. 2016

Global Ecology and Conservation

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a b s t r a c tTen Humboldt (Spheniscus humboldti) and eight Magellanic Penguins (S. magellanicus) were successfully equipped with satellite transmitters in March 2009 on Islotes Puñihuil in central south-Chile to follow their post-moult dispersal. Overall, Humboldt Penguins could be followed for a mean period of 49 ±18 days (range: 25-93) and Magellanic Penguins for 57 ±12 days (range 35-68). Irrespective of species and sex, seven study birds remained in the vicinity of their breeding ground throughout the transmission period. All other penguins moved northwards, either only a relatively short distance (max 400 km) to Isla Mocha at 38°S (n = 3) or further north beyond 35°S (n = 8). However, eight of these birds (73%) turned south again towards the end of the individual tracking periods. The total area used by both species during the tracking period was restricted to a coastal area stretching from the breeding site at 42°S about 1000 km to the north at about 32°S. The area used by Humboldt penguins overlapped by 95% the area used by Magellanic penguins, whereas the area used by the latter species was much larger and overlapped only by 45% with the area used by Humboldt penguins. Overall, our results indicate that Magellanic Penguins in the Pacific Ocean are probably less migratory than their conspecifics on the Atlantic side, while Humboldt Penguins appear to be more migratory than previously anticipated. In general, there was a poor relationship between preferred foraging areas and chlorophyll-a, as a proxy for primary productivity, indicating the limitations of using remote-sensed primary productivity as a proxy to interpret the foraging behaviour of marine predators. In addition, there was also no clear relationship between the preferred foraging areas and the amount of regional fish catches by artisanal fishery.

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“…2009 ; Ramili & Norazlimi 2017 ), and many studies report birds being readily disturbed when approached by people (e.g. Lafferty 2001a ; Koch & Paton 2014 ; Reyes-Arriagada et al . 2013 ; Sabine III et al .…”

Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scoping Recreational Disturbance of Shorebirds to Inform the Agenda for Research and Management in Tropical Asia

Marasinghe¹,

Simpson²,

Newsome³

et al. 2020

tlsr

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In addition to scoping the impacts of the four most reported sources of recreational disturbance on shorebirds, this study also advances the concept of Tropical Asia (TA) to collectively describe tourist destinations in the ecologically and geopolitically diverse part of the planet that incorporates the tourism megaregion of South and Southeast Asia. At a time of growing global concern about the rapid decline of shorebird populations, many governments in TA are embracing and capitalising on the exponential growth in demand for coastal recreation and tourism across the region. This political response is partly driven by efforts to deliver economic development, aligned to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, in order to secure the livelihoods of people living in less developed coastal areas. However, the rapid increase in visitor numbers and the development of infrastructure to support the booming demand for coastal tourism destinations in TA are further exacerbating the pressures on shorebird populations across the region. Despite these growing pressures and the wealth of research reporting on shorebird populations across the Asian flyways, this scoping study identified surprisingly little research that reports on the recreational disturbance (RD) of shorebirds in TA. While undertaken to inform future research, this study also provides a synthesis of management strategies reported in the global literature into a set of management recommendations for coastal destinations in TA.

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Population Trends of a Mixed-Species Colony of Humboldt and Magellanic Penguins in Southern Chile after Establishing a Protected Area

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Behavioural consequences of human disturbance on subantarctic Yellow-eyed Penguins Megadyptes antipodes

Behavioural consequences of human disturbance on subantarctic Yellow-eyed Penguins Megadyptes antipodes

Post-moult movements of sympatrically breeding Humboldt and Magellanic Penguins in south-central Chile

Scoping Recreational Disturbance of Shorebirds to Inform the Agenda for Research and Management in Tropical Asia

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