Enrichment, spatial distribution of potential ecological and human health risk assessment via toxic metals in soil and surface water ingestion in the vicinity of Sewakht mines, district Chitral, Northern Pakistan

Rehman, Inayat Ur; Ishaq, Muhammad; Ali, Liaqat; Khan, Sardar; Ahmad, Imtiaz; Din, Imran Ud; Ullah, Hameed

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.033

Cited by 136 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Soil, a non-renewable resource, is the foremost constituent of the farmland environment, hosting the agricultural production activities due to its unique characteristics [ 1 , 2 ], resulting from the transformation of natural regolith [ 3 ]. Farmland topsoil differs from natural soil because it is strongly shaped by agricultural practices, and has a direct influence on food quality and safety [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Furthermore, farmland soil accumulates most of the generated pollutants, especially toxic elements, due to its good absorbability [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Elements in Farmland Topsoil with Source Identification in Jilin Province, China

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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The presence of toxic elements in agricultural soils from anthropogenic activities is a potential threat to human health through the food chain. In this study, the concentration of toxic elements in 122 agricultural topsoil composite samples were determined in order to study the current status, identify their sources and assess the level of pollution and human health risk. The results showed that the mean concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As in the farmland topsoil were 21.72, 15.09, 36.08, 0.2451, 0.0378 and 4.957 mg·kg−1, respectively. The spatial distribution showed that the soils were mainly contaminated by Cd, Pb and Hg in midwest Jilin but by Cu and As in the east. According to the pollution index (Pi), Nemerow integrated pollution index (PN) and Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo), Cd and Pb were the main pollutants in the soils. The occurrence of these elements was caused by anthropogenic activities and they were concentrated in the Songyuan-Changchun-Siping economic belt. There is limited non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk to humans. Principal component analyses suggest the Pb, Cd and Hg soil contamination was mainly derived from anthropogenic activities in the Midwest, but all examined toxic elements in the east were mainly due to geogenic anomalies and came from atmospheric deposition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Elements in Farmland Topsoil with Source Identification in Jilin Province, China

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…There are 3 main pathways for heavy metals to enter the human body: drinking, breathing, and skin contact. Compared with respiration and skin contact, drinking is the main pathway of heavy metal intake because of its large intake volume into the human body (Rehman et al ), and it is generally believed that there is potential harm to human health as long as there is even a trace amount of any carcinogenic risk pollutant (Zeng et al ). Therefore the present study considered only this oral exposure to drinking water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…A health risk assessment (HRA) aims to assess the risk of an individual's exposure to a harmful factor by estimating the probability that the factor has an adverse effect on the human body (USNRC ). Many studies have been conducted on the potential risks of heavy metal pollutants to human health in various environmental media, such as soil (Rehman et al ) and water bodies, including rivers (Yao et al ; Zeng et al ) and lakes (Monferran et al ) as well as drinking water (Kelepertzis ). Because it is difficult to distinguish among the sources of metal contaminants, a variety of approaches have been used in the study of sources of environmental metal pollution, including multistatistical methods (Thuong et al ; Yin et al ; Zeng et al ), elemental morphological analysis (Gupta and Sinha ), and spatial distribution analysis (Gutiérrez et al ; Chen et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment for Heavy Metals in a Southern Chinese Reservoir Impacted by Stone Mining Activities

Zeng

Yue

et al. 2020

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Metal contaminants in drinking water pose a potential threat to human health. Metal elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd, As, and Pb) in Shanzi Reservoir, China, a drinking water source for nearby cities, were measured in 2013 and 2014. The distribution characteristics of metal elements in water were identified and a health risk assessment model was used to evaluate potential harm. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to determine the main sources of metal pollutants. The results showed that Pb and As exceeded the standard at some sampling sites, whereas other metal elements met the drinking water standards. The spatial distribution of metal elements was extremely uneven and might be affected by either the geochemical environment or human activities in the study region. The total risk value of metals (5 × 10 -5 a -1 ) was below the recommended value of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the total cancer risk was higher than the total noncancer risk, and both risks were higher for children than for adults. Arsenic was the priority control pollutant, and the priority control site was located upstream of the reservoir. Source analysis showed that Fe, Mn, and Cu were mainly from soil formation and stone mining and processing industries; Pb and As were mainly from agricultural activities, free dumping and burning of domestic garbage, and atmospheric deposition from transportation emissions; Cd was mainly from agricultural application of fertilizers and pesticides; and Cr was from the stone mining and processing industry and from the electroplating and metal manufacturing industries. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:342-352. © 2019 SETAC

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“…Heavy metal pollution in freshwater has become a global environmental problem because of toxicity and potential risks to the ecosystem and human health [1][2][3]. To address this issue, the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) clearly states that by 2030, the quality of water should be improved through reducing the effluents and its untreated discharge, and increasing the recycling and reusing of wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risk assessment of the exposure of heavy metal contamination in surface water of lower Sindh, Pakistan

et al. 2019

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In developing countries like Pakistan, there is a lack of implementation of the environmental laws to manage discharges of untreated effluents, loaded with heavy metals, into freshwater. To evaluate the potential human health impacts from exposure to such polluted water, this study assessed the concentration of six heavy metals (i.e., Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Mn) in the surface water in lower Sindh, Pakistan. Water samples were collected from eight locations around Kotri barrage at Indus River both during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons to determine the temporal variations of the concentration of heavy metals. The concentrations of heavy metals were then compared with the drinking water quality guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). It was observed that in most cases, the concentrations of metals were significantly higher compared to WHO guidelines during the pre-monsoon period. To determine the potential human health risk associated with the exposure of heavy metals, both oral hazard index (HI oral) and dermal hazard index (HI dermal) were estimated. The results indicated that during pre-monsoon, HI oral was higher than the threshold limits at every location, while HI dermal was higher only at three locations. Nonetheless, during monsoon, these indices were within limits. It suggested that the health of the people dependent on these freshwater streams in the study area is at considerable risk. Finally, the findings of this study recommended the enforcement of the laws in its true spirit to regulate effluent discharges into these streams in order to avoid health vulnerability of millions of people.

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Enrichment, spatial distribution of potential ecological and human health risk assessment via toxic metals in soil and surface water ingestion in the vicinity of Sewakht mines, district Chitral, Northern Pakistan

Cited by 136 publications

References 77 publications

Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Elements in Farmland Topsoil with Source Identification in Jilin Province, China

Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Elements in Farmland Topsoil with Source Identification in Jilin Province, China

Health Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment for Heavy Metals in a Southern Chinese Reservoir Impacted by Stone Mining Activities

Health risk assessment of the exposure of heavy metal contamination in surface water of lower Sindh, Pakistan

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