Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Elements in Farmland Topsoil with Source Identification in Jilin Province, China

Li, Fengxu; Zhang, Jiquan; Cao, Tiehua; Li, Sijia; Chen, Yanan; Liang, Xinmiao; Zhao, Xin

doi:10.3390/ijerph15051040

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, unlike these studies, Kortei et al [74] showed that geophagic clays consumed by pregnant women at Ho in Ghana had HI values greater 1. [46,48,73]. These data agree with findings by Nkansah et al [22], who reported HI values in geophagic white clays from Kumasi Metropolis (Ghana) to be less than 1.…”

Section: Health Risk Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The HI values were all less than 1, with means of 7.31 × 10 −5 , 6.73 × 10 −3 , 5.10 × 10 −1 , 1.2 × 10 −2 , 2.12 × 10 −2 , 1.15 × 10 −1 and 4.16 × 10 −3 for Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively for children; and 8.3 × 10 −6 , 7.69 × 10 −4 , 6.26 × 10 −2 , 1.45 × 10 −3 , 2.56 × 10 −3 , 1.33 × 10 −2 and 4.79 × 10 −4 for Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively, for adults. Hence, exposure to these metals would not cause a health risk to geophagists [46,48,73]. These data agree with findings by Nkansah et al [22], who reported HI values in geophagic white clays from Kumasi Metropolis (Ghana) to be less than 1.…”

Section: Health Risk Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Values of CR lower than 10 −6 are considered insignificant, values of risk between 10 −6 and 10 −4 are considered as excess cancer risks and CR values greater than 10 −4 are considered harmful to humans [48,49]. The definitions and units of parameters and values used in Equations ( 1)-( 8) are listed in Table S3, and the reference doses (RfD) for non-carcinogenic trace metals and slope factors (SF) for carcinogenic trace metals are found in Table S4.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Geophagic Clays from Cameroon: Provenance, Metal Contamination and Health Risk Assessment

Ekosse

Nkeng

Bukalo

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This study assessed the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of geophagic clays sold in some markets in Cameroon to ascertain their provenance, contamination status and human health risk. To achieve this, 40 samples from 13 markets in Cameroon were purchased and analysed using X-ray diffractometry, X-ray fluorescence and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for their mineralogy and geochemistry, respectively. The geophagic clays were dominantly made up of kaolinite and quartz. Their chemistry was dominated by SiO2, Al2O3 and LOI with means of 48.76 wt%, 32.12 wt% and 13.93 wt%, respectively. The major, trace and rare earth elements data showed that these geophagic clays were predominantly derived from felsic rocks. The contamination assessment indicated no enrichment of metals from anthropogenic sources, except for Zn in samples from Acacia, Madagascar and Mfoudi markets. The index of geo-accumulation indicated no contamination to moderate contamination of the clays. The non-carcinogenic index values for Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were generally less than 1, suggesting no non-carcinogenic risk exposure to children and adults consuming the geophagic clays from these metals. The carcinogenic risk index (TCR) for Ni and Cr were above 10−6, which implies that children and adults are vulnerable to minimal carcinogenic health risk. The TCR values from Ni posed the highest risk, especially to children consuming clays from some markets.

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Section: Health Risk Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Health Risk Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 89%

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confidence: 99%

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Geophagic Clays from Cameroon: Provenance, Metal Contamination and Health Risk Assessment

Ekosse

Nkeng

Bukalo

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…The SD is highly correlated with the average concentration of metals, and the CV reflects their distribution. The SDs of Al, Fe, K, Na, Mg and Ti were large; and the metals were mainly derived from parent materials of the soil, indicating that these six metals were mainly derived from highly heterogeneous environments [55,56]. The CVs ranged from 6.16% to 174.19%; within this range, the CVs of Na, Mg, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Ba, Co, As, Sn and Sr were greater than 50%, indicating that these metals are distributed variably or non-homogeneously in space [51].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risk Assessment of Metals in the Volcanic Soil of Changbai Mountain

Han

Zhang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Tianchi volcano is a dormant active volcano with a risk of re-eruption. Volcanic soil and volcanic ash samples were collected around the volcano and the concentrations of 21 metals (major and trace elements) were determined. The spatial distribution of the metals was obtained by inverse distance weight (IDW) interpolation. The metals’ sources were identified and their pollution levels were assessed to determine their potential ecological and human health risks. The metal concentrations were higher around Tianchi and at the north to the west of the study area. According to the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF) and contamination factor (CF) calculations, Zn pollution was high in the study area. Pearson’s correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that with the exception of Fe, Mn and As, the metals that were investigated (Al, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Ti, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Ba, Ga, Li, Co, Cd, Sn, Sr) were mostly naturally derived. A small proportion of Li, Pb and Zn may have come from vehicle traffic. There is no potential ecological risk and non-carcinogenic risk because of the low concentrations of the metals; however, it is necessary to pay attention to the carcinogenic risk of Cr and As in children.

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“…Cr and Ni in the first principal component (PC1) was demonstrated to be derived from parent material and lithogenic sources in many studies [8,21,46]. However, as opposed to other studies [3,5,15,47], Cu in this study was not deemed to have an anthropogenic source; our results are consistent with those of Tian et al [48]. The results of FA showed that Cu did not belong to the second principal component (PC2) but was a group with Cr and Ni in PC1.…”

Section: Pc1: Cr Cu Nimentioning

confidence: 98%

Pollution, Sources and Human Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Different Land Use Types under the Background of Industrial Cities

et al. 2020

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Residents in industrial cities may be exposed to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil that increase chronic disease risks. In this study, six types of PTEs (Zn, As, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Pb) in 112 surface soil samples from three land use types—industrial land, residential land, and farmland—in Tonghua City, Jilin Province were measured. The geological accumulation index and pollution load index were calculated to assess the pollution level of metal. Meanwhile, the potential ecological risk index, hazard index, and carcinogenic risk were calculated to assess the environmental risks. The spatial distribution map was determined by the ordinary kriging method, and the sources of PTEs were identified by factor analysis and cluster analysis. The average concentrations of Zn, As, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Pb were 266.57, 15.72, 72.41, 15.04, 20.52, and 16.30 mg/kg, respectively. The results of the geological accumulation index demonstrated the following: Zn pollution was present in all three land use types, As pollution in industrial land cannot be neglected, Cr pollution in farmland was higher than that in the other two land use types. The pollution load index decreased in the order of industrial land > farmland > residential land. Multivariate statistical analysis divided the six PTEs into three groups by source: Zn and As both originated from industrial activities; vehicle emissions were the main source of Pb; and Ni and Cu were derived from natural parent materials. Meanwhile, Cr was found to come from a mixture of artificial and natural sources. The soil environment in the study area faced ecological risk from moderate pollution levels mainly contributed by As. PTEs did not pose a non-carcinogenic risk to humans; however, residents of the three land use types all faced estimated carcinogenic risks caused by Cr, and As in industrial land also posed high estimated carcinogenic risk to human health. The conclusion of this article provides corresponding data support to the government’s policy formulation of remediating different types of land and preventing exposure and related environmental risks.

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Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Elements in Farmland Topsoil with Source Identification in Jilin Province, China

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

Geophagic Clays from Cameroon: Provenance, Metal Contamination and Health Risk Assessment

Geophagic Clays from Cameroon: Provenance, Metal Contamination and Health Risk Assessment

Environmental Risk Assessment of Metals in the Volcanic Soil of Changbai Mountain

Pollution, Sources and Human Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Different Land Use Types under the Background of Industrial Cities

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