Enriched Environment Enhances the Myelin Regulatory Factor by mTOR Signaling and Protects the Myelin Membrane Against Oxidative Damage in Rats Exposed to Chronic Immobilization Stress

Thamizhoviya, Gangadharan; Vanisree, Arambakkam Janardhanam

doi:10.1007/s11064-021-03433-8

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Five studies used Sprague Dawley rats ( Fernández et al, 2004 ; Jain et al, 2012 ; Zhang et al, 2016 , 2021 ; Tapias et al, 2022 ). Five studies used Wistar rats ( Pereira et al, 2009 ; Cechetti et al, 2012 ; Prado Lima et al, 2018 ; Molina et al, 2021 ; Thamizhoviya and Vanisree, 2021 ). Two studies used Long-Evans rats ( Mármol et al, 2015 , 2017 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study used Kunming mice ( Cheng et al, 2014 ), and one study used TgCRND8 mice ( Herring et al, 2010 ). Regarding gender, 10 included studies used male individuals only ( Pereira et al, 2009 ; Cechetti et al, 2012 ; Jain et al, 2012 ; Zhang et al, 2016 , 2021 ; Mármol et al, 2017 ; Prado Lima et al, 2018 ; Montes et al, 2019 ; Thamizhoviya and Vanisree, 2021 ; Tapias et al, 2022 ). Five studies used both sexes ( Fernández et al, 2004 ; Cheng et al, 2014 ; Mármol et al, 2015 ; Muhammad et al, 2017 ; Molina et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10. 3389/fnins.2024.1366747 Frontiers in Neuroscience 08 frontiersin.org observed after EE (Thamizhoviya Vanisree, 2021). Only one included study evaluated FRAP levels and found no significant difference in the hippocampus after amyloid beta neurotoxicity associated with EE (Prado Lima et al, 2018).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of enriched environments on cerebral oxidative balance in rodents: a systematic review of environmental variability effects

Ramos,

de Sousa Fernandes,

da Silva Fidélis

et al. 2024

Front. Neurosci.

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IntroductionThe present review aimed to systematically summarize the impacts of environmental enrichment (EE) on cerebral oxidative balance in rodents exposed to normal and unfavorable environmental conditions.MethodsIn this systematic review, four databases were used: PubMed (830 articles), Scopus (126 articles), Embase (127 articles), and Science Direct (794 articles). Eligibility criteria were applied based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study (PICOS) strategy to reduce the risk of bias. The searches were carried out by two independent researchers; in case of disagreement, a third participant was requested. After the selection and inclusion of articles, data related to sample characteristics and the EE protocol (time of exposure to EE, number of animals, and size of the environment) were extracted, as well as data related to brain tissues and biomarkers of oxidative balance, including carbonyls, malondialdehyde, nitrotyrosine, oxygen-reactive species, and glutathione (reduced/oxidized).ResultsA total of 1,877 articles were found in the four databases, of which 16 studies were included in this systematic review. The results showed that different EE protocols were able to produce a global increase in antioxidant capacity, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic, which are the main factors for the neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system (CNS) subjected to unfavorable conditions. Furthermore, it was possible to notice a slowdown in neural dysfunction associated with oxidative damage, especially in the prefrontal structure in mice.DiscussionIn conclusion, EE protocols were determined to be valid tools for improving oxidative balance in the CNS. The global decrease in oxidative stress biomarkers indicates refinement in reactive oxygen species detoxification, triggering an improvement in the antioxidant network.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of enriched environments on cerebral oxidative balance in rodents: a systematic review of environmental variability effects

Ramos,

de Sousa Fernandes,

da Silva Fidélis

et al. 2024

Front. Neurosci.

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“…It has been proved that after MYRF deletion in OPCs, subsequent remyelination in the spinal cord and corpus callosum is seriously damaged, and the ability of single OPC derived oligodendrocytes to express myelin protein in demyelination reaction is very small [ 58 ]. Correspondingly, EE increases MYRF levels in immobilization stress (IS) rats and increases transcription factors required for myelin membrane formation [ 59 ]. STAT3 is indispensable in the development of myelination in the central nervous system, and Steelman et al [ 60 ] also proved that activation of oligodendroglia Stat3 promotes oligodendrocyte regeneration and effective remyelination after toxin-induced focal demyelination in the adult brain.…”

Section: Effect Of Enriched Environment On Myelinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mTOR that was inhibited by rapamycin could reduce myelination in young adult wild-type mice starting at 6 weeks of age [ 73 ]. Interestingly, EE protects myelin membrane from oxidative damage caused by chronic stress by upregulating myrf and mTOR mRNA levels in the forebrain of immobilization stress (IS) rats [ 59 ]. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway can transduce extracellular signals through intracellular signal cascades and control the expression of genes that regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of oligodendrocytes and other important processes [ 74 ].…”

Section: Effect Of Enriched Environment On Myelinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enriched Environment Effects on Myelination of the Central Nervous System: Role of Glial Cells

et al. 2022

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Myelination is regulated by various glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), including oligodendrocytes (OLs), microglia, and astrocytes. Myelination of the CNS requires the generation of functionally mature OLs from OPCs. OLs are the myelin-forming cells in the CNS. Microglia play both beneficial and detrimental roles during myelin damage and repair. Astrocyte is responsible for myelin formation and regeneration by direct interaction with oligodendrocyte lineage cells. These glial cells are influenced by experience-dependent activities such as environmental enrichment (EE). To date, there are few studies that have investigated the association between EE and glial cells. EE with a complex combination of sensorimotor, cognitive, and social stimulation has a significant effect on cognitive impairment and brain plasticity. Hence, one mechanism through EE improving cognitive function may rely on the mutual effect of EE and glial cells. The purpose of this paper is to review recent research into the efficacy of EE for myelination and glial cells at cellular and molecular levels and offers critical insights for future research directions of EE and the treatment of EE in cognitive impairment disease.

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Ferroptosis as a mechanism of oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Chu

et al. 2022

Journal of Neuroimmunology

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Enriched Environment Enhances the Myelin Regulatory Factor by mTOR Signaling and Protects the Myelin Membrane Against Oxidative Damage in Rats Exposed to Chronic Immobilization Stress

Cited by 4 publications

References 58 publications

The impact of enriched environments on cerebral oxidative balance in rodents: a systematic review of environmental variability effects

The impact of enriched environments on cerebral oxidative balance in rodents: a systematic review of environmental variability effects

Enriched Environment Effects on Myelination of the Central Nervous System: Role of Glial Cells

Ferroptosis as a mechanism of oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

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