Enolase1 (ENO1) and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) are good markers to predict human sperm freezability

Recent Advances in Boar Sperm Cryopreservation: State of the Art and Current Perspectives

“…However, while different proteins from both sperm and seminal plasma have been to related to ejaculate freezability, and not only in pigs but also in other species such as human (Jiang et al. ), it is yet to be elucidated by which mechanism the abundance of these proteins varies. In addition to this, a landmark paper demonstrated that genomic differences existed between good and poor freezers in the sequences of polymorphism restriction fragments of 16 candidate genetic markers (Thurston et al.…”

“…As these individual differences have been reported to be related to different sperm proteins, it appears that variations in the expression of genes involved in cell resistance against damages by freezethawing procedures underlie the ejaculate freezability. However, while different proteins from both sperm and seminal plasma have been to related to ejaculate freezability, and not only in pigs but also in other species such as human (Jiang et al 2015), it is yet to be elucidated by which mechanism the abundance of these proteins varies. In addition to this, a landmark paper demonstrated that genomic differences existed between good and poor freezers in the sequences of polymorphism restriction fragments of 16 candidate genetic markers (Thurston et al 2002).…”

“…Holding time is defined as the storage period at 15-17°C between sperm collection and the start of cryopreservation procedures. While some authors have reported that the length of this period has no effect on post-thaw sperm quality (Gale et al 2014), others have shown that it is beneficial, with holding times of 10-24 h being better than 3 h (Eriksson et al 2001;Juarez et al 2011;Alkmin et al 2014). Indeed, holding time increases sperm crytolerance through maintaining the lipid architecture of plasma membrane (Casas and Althouse 2013), via a yet-unidentified mechanism that involves phosphorylation of some sperm proteins, such as HSP70 (Yeste et al 2014a).…”

“…In this regard, while individual differences in the response to cooling/freezing rates exist between boars (Medrano et al 2009), progresses with regard to these rates have also been made. Indeed, cooling down from 15-17 to 4°C is usually conducted at À0.1°C/min (Casas et al 2009;Flores et al 2010), but higher cooling rates (À0.4 and À1.50°C/min) do not cause higher cryodamage to boar sperm and can shorten the whole protocol (Juarez et al 2011).…”

Disaccharide combinations and the expression of enolase3 and plasma membrane Ca2+ATPase isoform in sturgeon sperm cryopreservation

“…Sperm fertility can be predicted by TEX101 protein (encoded by testis expressed 101 gene) in human (Schiza, Jarvi, Diamandis, & Drabovich, 2014), enolase1 (ENO1) in bull (Rahman, Kwon, & Pang, 2017), cytochrome bc1 complex subunit 2 (UQCRC2) in boars (Rahman et al, 2017) and so on. The specific finding is that ENO1 was a good marker to predict human sperm freezability (Jiang et al, 2015) and plasma membrane Ca 2+ -ATPase (PMCA) associated with sperm quality in mouse (Tempel & Shilling, 2007). While in fish, quality-related protein markers are still very few up to now.…”