Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity is restricted to the adrenaline cells in the hamster adrenal medulla

Pelto‐Huikko, Markku; Salminen, Tapio; Hervonen, Antti

doi:10.1007/bf00493363

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Dense or moderately dense innervation of chromaffin cells by ENK-IR nerve terminals was observed in most areas in the medulla of the cat, rat, and mouse (Pelto-Huikko et al, 1985a, 1987. In the hamster, ENK-IR nerve terminals were not observed (Pelto-Huikko et al, 1982). ENK-IR nerves were restricted to the areas of epinephrine cells in all species studied (Figs.…”

Section: Literature Review and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Immunocytochemical localization of neuropeptides in the adrenal medulla

Pelto‐Huikko

1989

J. Elec. Microsc. Tech.

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The distribution of neuropeptides exhibits pronounced interspecies heterogeneity. Neuropeptides may function as hormones secreted from chromaffin cells or as neurotransmitters/neuromodulators released from nerve terminals. However, other possible functions such as trophic or intracellular effects should also be considered. Thus, to understand the role of neuropeptides, it is important to explore their localization in different species. The distribution of enkephalins, neurotensin, neuropeptide Y, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and galanin in the adrenal medulla of rat, cat, hamster, and mouse is presented in detail.

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Section: Literature Review and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Immunocytochemical localization of neuropeptides in the adrenal medulla

Pelto‐Huikko

1989

J. Elec. Microsc. Tech.

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“…The fourth mechanism would involve different pools of adrenal chromaffin granules containing either peptide F ir and low amounts of catecholamines or peptide F ir and high amounts of catecholamines. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrate that the proenkephalin peptides-coexist with the catecholamines in the same cell but cannot rule out the possibility that cells contain substantially differing ratios of the two (19,20). Evidence from studies of human pheochromocytoma cells in culture (21) and reserpine-treated dogs (22) suggests that heterogenous pools of cells do exist.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in plasma proenkephalin peptide F and catecholamine levels during graded exercise in men.

Kraemer¹,

Noble²,

Culver³

et al. 1985

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Proenkephalin peptide F immunoreactivity, epinephrine, and norepinephrine were measured in the plasma of endurance-trained and untrained male subjects riding on a bicycle ergometer at 28%, 54%, 83%, and 100% of maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2). At rest the trained group had peptide F levels almost twice the level of the untrained group, whereas all other variables measured were the same. The maximum epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were found at 100% exercise intensity, with a precipitous drop in the levels at 5 min of recovery. In contrast, the peptide F immunoreactivity reached a maximum at 5 min of recovery and was still substantially above the initial level after 15 min of rest. In addition, the trained subjects showed another peak of peptide F immunoreactivity at 54% *%.. Possible explanations for the different patterns of catecholamine and peptide F levels are presented.Claims of "runners high," mood alterations, and exercise analgesia all have been credited to the actions of f-endorphin (1, 2). Most of these studies observed increases from before to after exercise only (3-6). These data led to the common belief that p-endorphin increased with increasing exercise intensity. Farrell et al. (7), however, showed that the significant increases in ,3-endorphin/,l-lipotropin occurred only after a 60% treadmill run as opposed to runs at 70% and 80% of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), where no further increases were observed. Thus, the exercise response of p-endorphin does not appear to occur in a linear manner.The enkephalin-containing polypeptides (ECPs) found in the adrenal medullary chromaffin cells have been shown to be secreted in response to the same stimuli that induce epinephrine release (8-10). Since exercise stimulates catecholamine release, specifically epinephrine (11-13), it was hypothesized that the ECPs would also respond to exercise stress. This study was designed to examine the response ofpeptide F (14) [preproenkephalin-(107-140)] immunoreactivity (ir), epinephrine, and norepinephrine in plasma to various exercise intensities (25%, 50%o, 75%, and 100% of VO2max) in trained (T) and untrained (UT) subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODSTwo groups of healthy college-age males, endurance-trained and untrained, volunteered for this study. The 10 T subjects, ages 19-24 years, were middle distance runners on the University of Wyoming varsity track team. The 10 UT subjects, ages 19-30 years, had been involved in no formal exercise training during the past 2 years. Selected subject characteristics are presented in Table 1.Subjects cycled on a Monarch bicycle ergometer calibrated prior to each test. Each subject cycled continuously at 50 rpm beginning with a 3-min workload at 0 kg-min-', which was increased every 3 min until voluntary exhaustion. Oxygen uptake was measured throughout the test by using opencircuit spirometry. The volume of inspired air was measured with a Parkinson-Cowan gas meter. The subjects breathed through a high-velocity low-resistance valve (Collins Triple-J) into an air tr...

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“…Enkephalins are present in both the adrenal medullary noradrenaline and adrenaline cells of the cat, dog and rat (Kobayashi, Ohashi, Fujita et al 1983). In contrast, enkephalin coexists with adrenaline but not with noradrenaline in the adrenal chromaffin cells of the frog, hamster and cow (Livett et al 1982;Pelto-Huikko, Salminen & Hervonnen, 1982;Kondo & Yu, 1984). This difference between species may, in part, reflect the difference in specifici¬ ties of the different antisera for the various molecular weight forms of the enkephalins as well as a variation in enkephalin content of the chromaffin cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes and enkephalins in the sheep adrenal medulla: an immunocytochemical study

McMillen

Mulvogue²,

Coulter³

et al. 1988

Journal of Endocrinology

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An immunocytochemical staining technique was used to investigate the development of the sheep adrenal medullary cells containing enkephalins and the catecholamine synthetic enzymes dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase (PNMT). No staining was observed in the adrenocortical cells with any of the antisera used in this study. Positive staining with anti-DBH was observed throughout the medulla in both adult and fetal adrenal glands from 80 days of gestation. Positive staining with anti-PNMT was observed in all glands from as early as 80 days of gestation, and staining with this antiserum was mainly confined to the peripheral medullary cells, which were adjacent to, and interdigitated between, the cells of the adrenal cortex. In the fetus between 80 and 120 days of gestation, staining for the enkephalins was observed in both the peripheral columnar and the central polygonal adrenal medullary cells. After 125 days of gestation and in the adult ewe, the peripheral columnar cells were uniformly stained with anti-enkephalin whereas many unstained cells were present in the central medullary region. Therefore, enkephalin-containing peptides are present in the catecholamine cells of the fetal and adult sheep adrenal and there appears to be a changing pattern in the distribution of the enkephalins in the fetal adrenal in late gestation.

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Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity is restricted to the adrenaline cells in the hamster adrenal medulla

Cited by 39 publications

References 11 publications

Immunocytochemical localization of neuropeptides in the adrenal medulla

Immunocytochemical localization of neuropeptides in the adrenal medulla

Changes in plasma proenkephalin peptide F and catecholamine levels during graded exercise in men.

Ontogeny of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes and enkephalins in the sheep adrenal medulla: an immunocytochemical study

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