Enkephalin-containing amacrine cells in the avian retina: immunohistochemical localization.

Abstract

The distribution of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity within the avian retina was studied by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques with antiserum to iMet5]enkephalin and [Leu5lenkephali. Formaldehyde- (18) types. This variation of amacrine cell types and their contribution to the synaptic circuitry of the inner plexiform layer presumably result in the high degree of visual information processing that is evident from physiological recordings of ganglion cell responses (26-28). Indeed, this high degree of information processing at the ganglion cell layer is the basis for classifying the avian retina as a "complex" retina (29,30).Recently, several studies have demonstrated an extensive distribution of enkephalins throughout the central nervous system (1-11). However, none of these studies revealed the possible existence of enkephalins within the retina. The present report describes the presence of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (enkephalin-like immunoreactivity is also referred to as "enkephalin") within small amacrine cells of the inner nuclear layer and their processes located in the inner plexiform layer of the retina. MATERIAL AND METHODS Antiserum

Opioid pathways in an avian retina. II. Synaptic organization of enkephalin-immunoreactive amacrine cells

“…The existence of enkephalin-like considerably between the various reports. In each of the previous immunoreactive amacrine cells in the pigeon and chicken retina investigations, enkephalin-immunoreactive fibers were observed in (Brecha et al, 1979;Tornqvist et al, 1981;Fukuda, 1982; lshimoto sublaminae 3 and 4 and, thus, their distribution compares favorably et al., 1983; has recently been reported in several with the present study. However, in two of these studies (Tornqvist studies.…”

“…The large block arrow points to a typical rmmunoreactrve amacnne cell body with its process entering the inner plexrform layer. lmmunoreactive processes are distributed predominantly within sublaminae 1 (small block arrow), 3, and 4 (asterisk utilized elsewhere (Brecha et al, 1979;Brandon et al, 1980). Experiments for electron microscopy were performed without Triton X-100.…”

“…receptors (Medzhiradsky, 1976;Howells et al, 1980), assayable enkephalin immunoreactivity (Humbert et al, 1979), and enkephalinlike immunoreactive neurons (Brecha et al, 1979;Stell et al, 1980Stell et al, , 1981Tornqvist et al, 1981;Altschuler et al, 1982;Fukuda, 1982;lshimoto et al, 1983;Watt et al, , 1984aEldred and Karten, 1984) have been reported in some teleost, amphibian, avian, and mammalian retinas. A comparative analysis of previous immunocytochemical studies reveals that enkephalin immunoreactivity, when present, is localized to one or more subpopulations of amacrine cells.…”

Acquisitions récentes sur l'immunocytologie de la rétine des vertébrés : présence d’antigènes apparentés aux hormones polypeptidiques du complexe hypothalamo-hypophysaire (résultats personnels)

“…-aux enképhalines dans les cellules amacrines du poulet et du pigeon [16] ; -à. la· substance P dans les cellules amacrines et peut-être les cellules ganglionnaires du pigeon et du lapin [17] ; -à la mélatonine dans les péricaryons des cellules photorécep trices de rat et de la tortue [18].…”

Retinal Engineering: Engrafted Neural Cell Lines Locate in Appropriate Layers.

“…In particular, clone QNR/D, a putative candidate for amacrine or ganglion cells, binds ganglion cell and amacrine cell-specific mAb 94C2 (2) and expresses preproenkephalin mRNA (4). Enkephalin is restricted to a subset of ganglion cells (5) and to a subset of amacrine cells (6) Retinas with implanted Dil-labeled QNR/K2 cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and prepared for electron microscopy by standard methodology with osmium tetroxide and epon after photoconversion of the DiI to a diaminobenzidine product (10 with the chicken antiserum from Lance-Jones and Lagenaur (11) (Fig. 2).…”