Enhancing the electrical conductivity of PP/CNT nanocomposites through crystal-induced volume exclusion effect with a slow cooling rate

Wang, Jun; Kazemi, Yasamin; Wang, Qianqian; Hamidinejad, Mahdi; Mahmud, Mayesha Binte; Pötschke, Petra

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107663

Cited by 78 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…However, the phase angle was always below 5 • , indicating that the CNTs rather behave as pure resistors than capacitors. [36,69,70]. In addition, neat PP shows an additional peak at 2θ of 16.2 • representative of the β-form (300) that disappears for PP/CNT composites.…”

Section: Strain-sensing Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where ∆H m is the heat of crystallization of the analyzed sample (J/g), ∆H 100 is a reference value that represents the heat of crystallization for a 100% crystalline polymer (209 J/g for a 100% crystalline PP [36,66]), and φ is the CNT weight percentage. Tensile tests were conducted on rectangular strips (12 cm long having a gauge length of 5 cm) according to ASTM D638 and ISO 527-1 using a universal testing machine (Sans CMT6000 series, Shenzhen City, China) equipped with a load cell of 1 kN.…”

Section: Pp/cnt Composites Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, a viable strategy can be the use of polymer/CNTs nanocomposites as sensing materials. Indeed, several polymer/CNTs nanocomposites have been previously investigated and tested as strain-sensors, exploring the use of different polymer matrices: epoxy resin [32][33][34], polymethyl methacrylate [35] and polypropylene [36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. Polymer/CNTs are excellent sensing materials if the electrical percolation threshold (EPT) is exceeded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even if several authors investigated sensing ability of PP/CNT alone [36][37][38][39][40][41][42], to the best of our knowledge, no studies investigated the possibility to use PP/CNT strain sensors directly embedded in cementitious materials. Several authors proposed the use of sensing skins or sensing elements to be applied on external surfaces of buildings/infrastructures [53][54][55][56][57].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotubes (PP/CNTs) Nanocomposites as Potential Strain Gauges for Structural Health Monitoring

et al. 2020

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Polypropylene/carbon nanotubes (PP/CNTs) nanocomposites with different CNTs concentrations (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 wt%) were prepared and tested as strain gauges for structures monitoring. Such sensors were embedded in cementitious mortar prisms and tested in 3-point bending mode recording impedance variation at increasing load. First, thermal (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA)), mechanical (tensile tests) and morphological (FE-SEM) properties of nanocomposites blends were assessed. Then, strain-sensing tests were carried out on PP/CNTs strips embedded in cementitious mortars. PP/CNTs nanocomposites blends with CNTs content of 1, 2 and 3 wt% did not show significant results because these concentrations are below the electrical percolation threshold (EPT). On the contrary, PP/CNTs nanocomposites with 5 and 7 wt% of CNTs showed interesting sensing properties. In particular, the best result was highlighted for the PP/CNT nanocomposite with 5 wt% CNTs for which an average gauge factor (GF) of approx. 1400 was measured. Moreover, load-unload cycles reported a good recovery of the initial impedance. Finally, a comparison with some literature results, in terms of GF, was done demonstrating the benefits deriving from the use of PP/CNTs strips as strain-gauges instead of using conductive fillers in the bulk matrix.

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Section: Strain-sensing Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pp/cnt Composites Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotubes (PP/CNTs) Nanocomposites as Potential Strain Gauges for Structural Health Monitoring

et al. 2020

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“…For semicrystalline polymers like PP and PVDF, the degree of crystallization are important factors determining the structural properties of the matrix. It is well known, that nanofillers can influence the crystallization significantly [17,32,33]. Hence the crystallization and melting behavior of the different composites was investigated using DSC ( Figure 6) and the obtained parameters are listed in Table 2.…”

Section: Effect Of Cnt Type On Crystalline Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Type of Polymer and Carbon Nanotube Structure Control the Electromagnetic Shielding in Melt-Mixed Polymer Nanocomposites?

et al. 2020

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A suitable polymer matrix and well dispersed conducting fillers forming an electrically conducting network are the prime requisites for modern age electromagnetic shield designing. An effective polymer-based shield material is designed that can attenuate 99.9% of incident electromagnetic (EM) radiation at a minimum thickness of <0.5 mm. This is accomplished by the choice of a suitable partially crystalline polymer matrix while comparing non-polar polypropylene (PP) with polar polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and a best suited filler nanomaterial by comparing different types of carbon nanotubes such as; branched, single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, which were added in only 2 wt %. Different types of interactions (polar-polar and CH-π and donor-acceptor) make b-MWCNT more dispersible in the PVDF matrix, which together with high crystallinity resulted in the best electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding ability of this composite. This investigation additionally conceals the issues related to the thickness of the shield material just by stacking individual thin nanocomposite layers containing different carbon nanotube (CNT) types with 0.3 mm thickness in a simple manner and finally achieves 99.999% shielding efficiency at just 0.9 mm thickness when using a suitable order of the different PVDF based nanocomposites.

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Emerging Research in Conductive Materials for Fused Filament Fabrication: A Critical Review

Simunec¹,

Sola²

2022

Adv Eng Mater

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The progress of Industry 4.0 and the advancement of robotic design are revealing a significant gap in the capabilities of current manufacturing techniques and the selection of materials that are available in electronics. Present‐day electrical systems largely rely on metals, but there is a driving need to develop new electrically conductive objects with a wide range of material properties, including expanded flexibility and softness, and with increasingly complex geometries. Electrically conductive composites can replace traditional metal‐based systems. In particular, thermoplastic composites become electrically conductive with the incorporation of conductive fillers or polymers while retaining to a large extent the processability of the thermoplastic matrix. This is where fused filament fabrication (FFF), an additive manufacturing (AM) technique capable of processing a variety of thermoplastic‐matrix feedstock materials, can be leveraged to create electrically conductive objects with new functionalities. While there is an increasing number of publications describing the FFF of electrical objects such as sensors and circuits, there is no comprehensive review outlining the functioning mechanisms, drawbacks, and advantages of FFF as applied to conductive materials. The present review fills this lacuna by offering a critical analysis of the specific challenges and solutions to promote FFF of electrically conductive polymers and composites.

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Enhancing the electrical conductivity of PP/CNT nanocomposites through crystal-induced volume exclusion effect with a slow cooling rate

Cited by 78 publications

References 59 publications

Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotubes (PP/CNTs) Nanocomposites as Potential Strain Gauges for Structural Health Monitoring

Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotubes (PP/CNTs) Nanocomposites as Potential Strain Gauges for Structural Health Monitoring

Does the Type of Polymer and Carbon Nanotube Structure Control the Electromagnetic Shielding in Melt-Mixed Polymer Nanocomposites?

Emerging Research in Conductive Materials for Fused Filament Fabrication: A Critical Review

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