Enhancing the accuracy of WLAN-based location determination systems using predicted orientation information

A hybrid artificial bee colony optimizer by combining with life-cycle, Powell’s search and crossover

“…A classical RFID system contains a certain number of tags and readers communicating with each other through wireless RF signals [33][34][35]. The RFID tag stores the unique identification information by integrating a small integrated circuit while the RFID readers communicate with the tags by reading/writing the information stored on them.…”

“…According to the references [35][36][37], the related RFID readers' parameters can be set as in Table. 10. Here the interrogation range according to the reader radiated power is computed as in [37].…”

Bacterial colony foraging algorithm: Combining chemotaxis, cell-to-cell communication, and self-adaptive strategy

“…Both tags and readers have an antenna for radio communication with each other [29,30]. The RFID tag, which is attached to the item to be tracked, stores the unique identification number of the item using a small integrated circuit.…”

FM radio for indoor localization with spontaneous recalibration

“…The reasons lie in the direction of mobile unit's antenna, reflections of the radio signals and the fact that components of the mobile unit can partly shield signals from certain directions [40]. A considerable factor for instability of signal strengths with respect to the orientation is the human body that is 70% composed of water [6].…”